废水中微量残留炸药奥克托今、黑索今测定方法的研究

含有奥克托今、黑索今的废水会对人体、动物、水生生物产生毒害作用。笔者针对含有奥克托今、黑索今的废水 ,研究了采用分光光度法同时测定废水中微量奥克托今、黑索今的原理、方法和显色反应的适宜条件。该方法不需要吸收曲线交点和等吸收点 ,具有较好的回归稳定性。采用该方法进行废水的环境监测 ,对环境治理、水质安全评价和水生生态进行综合的管理和保护将会发挥其重要作用。     

Bioremediation of soils contaminated with explosives

The large-scale industrial production and processing of munitions such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) over the past 100 years led to the disposal of wastes containing explosives and nitrated organic by-products into the environment. In the US, the Army alone has estimated that over 1.2 million tons of soil have been contaminated with explosives, and the impact of explosives contamination in other countries is of similar magnitude. In recent years, growing concern about the health and ecological threats posed by man-made chemicals have led to studies of the toxicology of explosives, which have identified toxic and mutagenic effects of the common military explosives and their transformation products (Bruns-Nagel et al., 1999a; Fuchs et al., 2001; Homma-Takeda et al., 2002; Honeycutt et al., 1996; Rosenblatt et al., 1991; Spanggord et al., 1982; Tan et al., 1992 and Won et al., 1976). Because the cleanup of areas contaminated by explosives is now mandated because of public health concerns, considerable effort has been invested in finding economical remediation technologies. Biological treatment processes are often considered, since these are usually the least expensive means of destroying organic pollution. This review examines the most important groups of chemicals that must be treated at sites contaminated by explosives processing, the chemical and biological transformations they undergo, and commercial processes developed to exploit these transformations for treatment of contaminated soil. We critically examine about 150 papers on the topic, including approximately 60 published within the past 5 years.     

某型报废火箭炮弹战斗部装药安定性试验研究

为分析某型报废火箭炮弹战斗部梯黑铝混合装药的安定性,将样品加速老化处理,利用差示扫描量热仪测定了试样老化处理前后的热分解过程.分别得到老化前后在5,10,20 ℃/min升温速率下的DSC曲线和相关特征数据.采用非模函数Ozawa法,结合线性回归分析,计算了炸药热分解的动力学参数,求得试样老化处理前后在不同升温速率下平...     

固体推进剂含能颗粒粒度、形貌与感度特性的相关性研究

目的 研究推进剂含能固体颗粒粒度、形貌与感度特性的相关性。方法 采用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜、摩擦、撞击、静电感度仪、爆发点测定仪,对推进剂主要含能固体颗粒AP、RDX、AL的粒度及感度进行测试研究,考察不同规格粒度的AP、RDX的机械、静电及热感度,对AP、RDX、AL的混合物料也进行感度测试。结果 AP的摩擦、静电感度随着粒度的减小而增加。粗AP(40~60目、60~80目及100~140目)对撞击感度不敏感,对于粉碎细料(1~18μm),表现出一定的敏感性。热感度与粒度的关系,对于5 s爆发点,其结果均大于400℃。对于普通RDX,2种不同粒度的RDX对不同激源均表现出较高的敏感性,高品质RDX的感度特性明显优于普通RDX。AP、RDX、AL混合后,感度特性发生了一定的变化。结论 细料AP机械感度与热感度较高,RDX粒度越小,摩擦、撞击感度下降,3种粒度RDX的静电感度相当,AP、RDX和AL粉混合时仍保持较高的摩擦感度。