热带雨林环境霉菌试验菌种筛选研究

目的 研究西双版纳热带雨林环境空气中的优势菌种和装备上的敏感菌种,为热带雨林环境霉菌试验的菌种筛选提供参考。方法 采用撞击法采集西双版纳试验站空气中的菌种,同时挑取试验站内正在进行环境试验的装备上生长的霉菌,通过纯化、鉴定、分析得到西双版纳热带雨林环境优势菌种和装备上的敏感菌种。结果 获得热带雨林环境优势菌种12株,装备材料上的敏感菌种10株。结论 根据霉菌对纤维、塑料、皮革、橡胶和纺织品的影响,筛选出6株优势菌种结合10株敏感菌种作为装备霉菌试验添加菌种。     

微波辅助白腐真菌煤炭脱硫试验研究

将微波技术与生物技术相结合用于煤炭脱硫，采用微波功率1 000 W、辐照时间80 s对煤样进行辐照处理后，考察了初始pH值、煤粉粒径和煤浆浓度对微波辅助白腐真菌脱硫效果的影响，以及脱硫过程中硫化物的转化规律。研究结果表明，微波辐照作用能够缩短脱硫周期，提高有机硫的脱除率。在初始pH值为4.5，煤粉粒径为80～120目，煤浆浓度为10%，浸出时间为3 d的条件下，煤中的全硫、无机硫和有机硫脱除率分别达到52.06%、51.61%和54.22%。     

白腐菌改性的中药渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能

以白腐菌的典型菌种黄孢原毛平革菌为改性菌种，对中药渣进行改性处理，研究了改性中药渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能。采用SEM技术对改性中药渣进行表征。研究了废水pH、改性中药渣加入量、吸附温度和吸附时间对Cr（Ⅵ）吸附效果的影响。表征结果显示，中药渣经过改性后表面出现许多孔隙，比表面积增大，为吸附Cr（Ⅵ）提供了更多的吸附位。实验结果表明：在初始Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度50 mg/L、改性中药渣加入量5 g/L、废水pH 2、吸附温度45 ℃、吸附时间20 h的条件下，改性中药渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率达99.5%，吸附量可达9.82 mg/g；改性中药渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和Freundlich等温吸附方程；准二级动力学方程能很好地对改性中药渣吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的数据进行拟合。     

棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对溶液中Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋吸附过程的特征，分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验，同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下，棘孢曲霉对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最大吸附量分别为71．2mg／g和59．8mg／g；动力学实验数据很好的符合二级动力学方程，吸附达到平衡的时间为3h；热力学实验数据显示该吸附过程为自发的、吸热的过程。     

接种丛枝菌根真菌对蜈蚣草吸收铀的影响

采用盆栽土壤实验,模拟铀(uranium,U)污染土壤,以蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata L.)为研究材料,每盆接种丛枝菌根真菌地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme,Gv)30 g,探索蜈蚣草菌根对U污染土壤不同时间段的修复效果.结果表明,蜈蚣草菌根侵染率2013年9月最低为57.14%,2014年3月最高为75.20%,呈先上升后下降的年周期变化规律;同一时期蜈蚣草的生物量(干重)Gv组显著高于CK组,根系最为明显;接种Gv组蜈蚣草各器官总U含量均显著高于CK组,且被吸收的U主要固定在根部,Gv组根部总U含量均高于同一时期CK组;接种Gv组基质中总U含量小于CK组,其中接种Gv后蜈蚣草对铁锰氧化态和硫化物态U的吸收效果最好;基质中各形态U随培养时间的延长含量均呈下降趋势.接种Gv组比CK组富集系数大,且均大于1;菌根侵染率与富集系数呈显著正相关关系.以上结果说明接种Gv促进蜈蚣草对U的吸收,因此,蜈蚣草丛枝菌根真菌共生体对治理U污染土壤有良好的应用前景.     

Effects of Two Amphibian Pathogens on the Developmental Stability of Green Frogs

Abstract: Developmental instability, measured as fluctuating asymmetry (FA), is often used as a tool to measure stress and the overall quality of organisms. Under FA, it is assumed that control of symmetry during development is costly and that under stress the trajectory of development is disturbed, resulting in asymmetric morphologies. Amphibian emergent infectious diseases (EIDs), such as Ranavirus and chytrid fungus, have been involved in several mortality events, which makes them stressors and allows for the study of FA. We analyzed nine populations of green frogs (Rana clamitans) for the presence or absence of Ranavirus and chytrid fungus. Individuals were measured to determine levels of FA in seven traits under the hypothesis that FA is more likely to be observed in individuals infected by the pathogens. Significantly higher levels of FA were found in individuals with Ranavirus compared with uninfected individuals among all populations and all traits. We did not observe FA in individuals infected with chytrid fungus for any of the traits measured. Additionally, we observed a significant association between Ranavirus infection and levels of FA in both males and females, which may indicate this viral disease is likely to affect both sexes during development. Altogether, our results indicate that some EIDs may have far‐reaching and nonlethal effects on individual development and populations harboring such diseases and that FA can be used as a conservation tool to identify populations subject to such a stress.     

Cometabolic degradation of veratryl alcohol and biphenyl by white rot fungus under nitrogen nutrition-rich condition

ＣｏｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｃｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｖｅｒａｔｒｙｌａｌｃｏｈｏｌａｎｄｂｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｂｙｗｈｉｔｅｒｏｔｆｕｎｇｕｓｕｎｄｅｒｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎｒｉｃｈｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎＬｉｎＬｕ，ＤｅｎｇＹａｏｊｉｅ，ＨｕＪｉ...     

霉菌试验技术分析与探讨

分析了霉菌试验技术对试验结果的影响,并从试验菌种、霉菌孢子、灭菌方法以及试验结果评定等方面对提高霉菌试验结果的可靠性进行了深入探讨.     

青霉菌GX2对蒽醌染料的吸附作用

GX2生长菌体对 4种蒽醌染料均表现出优良的吸附性能 ,但由于染料分子的结构不同 ,吸附速率和吸附率也表现出一定的差异 .染料对菌体的生长具有一定的抑制作用 ,但即使在很高的染料浓度下 ,GX2生长菌体仍表现出很强的吸附性能 .对 250mg/L活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附率高达 100% ,对 400mg/LKN R的吸附率也可达91.4% .在 0～2%范围内 ,随着盐度 (NaCl)的增加 ,菌体干重增加 ;颗粒状菌团的直径却随之减小 ,比表面积增大 ,对GX2生长菌体的染料吸附表现出较为明显的促进作用 .碳源浓度通过影响菌体的生长而影响染料吸附 ,当培养基中的葡萄糖浓度大于 2.5g/L时 ,即可使浓度为 120mg/L的活性艳蓝KN R溶液完全脱色 .生长菌体具有比静止活体和死体更好的吸附性能 .     

Simulated potential effects of ecological factors on a hypothetical population of Chiricahua leopard frog (Rana chiricahuensis)

Simulations provide an opportunity to examine how single or multiple perturbations may impact a specific species. The objectives of this study were to identify thresholds at which changes in stream peak flow, stream base flow, and/or chytrid fungus presence alter long-term Rana chiricahuensis populations. We used scenarios with varying peak flow mortality rates, base flow mortality rates, and chytrid fungus mortality rates. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted. Over 50 years, populations in six scenarios increased and 13 scenarios decreased. Eight scenarios resulting with fewer than 100 individuals included stochastic effects for at least two of three perturbations and the remaining scenarios included chronic effects of 30% or higher. Scenarios with population increases had either no chytrid fungus effect or chronic effects from perturbations totaling less than 30%. In the absence of chytrid fungus, populations increased and became stable. At a 10% annual death rate caused by chytrid fungus, the R. chiricahuensis population decreased 46.8%. At a 20% death rate, the population decreased 98.6%. Model scenarios were sensitive to peak flow death rates. As peak flow mortality increased to 10 and 20%, extinction rates increased to 91.7 and 99.9%, respectively. With model parameters and the no base flow mortality, R. chiricahuensis populations declined by 92% with a 3.2% extinction rate at 50 years. Models with base flow mortality rates of 10 and 20% resulted in population extinction rates of 48.7 and 96.1%, respectively. Scenario analysis of perturbations on a hypothetical R. chiricahuensis population provided a framework in which to view combined effects on a species. Analysis supports supposition that chytrid fungus is the proximate cause of many amphibian declines, but the added effect of base flow and peak flow has the potential to hasten declines.