复合生物膜-活性污泥反应器同步脱氮除磷

通过实验研究比较了复合生物膜-活性污泥反应器(HY)和传统活性污泥反应器(AS)的脱氮除磷效果。结果表明,在水力停留时间(HRT)16 h、污泥龄12～15 d、水温19～21℃、pH 6.3～7.8的条件下,复合生物反应器比活性污泥反应器运行更稳定,未发生污泥膨胀。在相同运行条件下,复合生物反应器对COD、TN和TP的去除率分别为95%、91%和98%,而活性污泥反应器对COD、TN和TP的去除率分别为85%、84%和90%。稳定工况下复合生物反应器的比硝化、比反硝化速率,比吸磷、比释磷速率均高于活性污泥反应器,且微生物相更加丰富。通过建立16S rDNA克隆文库发现生物膜和活性污泥的微生物群落结构均具有高度多样性,但生物膜微生物的微生物相比活性污泥更复杂。     

Development of a fuel cell propulsion system for the existing Mercedes B-Class 160 of petrol driven car

This paper presents a theoretical comparison between fuel cell (FC) power train and conventional petrol driven propulsion system. FC has potential to reduce the CO₂-emissions from road. However, FC power trains require energy storing device, to meet the peak power during extreme drive situations and also able to recover the kinetic energy of the vehicle during break operation. The proposed system includes a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based drive train and a super capacitor connected in parallel. The system is designed and dimensioned for a conventional petrol driven propulsion system of the Mercedes B-Class160. The feasibility study also includes comparison between the existing conventional systems. It is shown that although FC power train is heavier compared to existing system, urban performance is better and produces no CO₂ and other harmful emissions.     

杂交水稻节水高产栽培技术研究

通过多年的试验、示范证明,杂交稻具有旱能保产、湿能增产的特点,特别是在通气式大田水层栽插、湿润管理的条件下,具有节水、增产、改良土壤的作用。对在灌溉条件较差的丘陵山区和圩区发展水稻生产有积极的作用。     

Integrated energy management strategy of powertrain and cooling system for PHEV

ABSTRACT

Energy management strategy (EMS) is crucial in improving the fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Existing studies on EMS mostly manage powertrain and cooling system separately which cannot get the minimum total energy consumption. This paper aims to propose a novel EMS for a new type of dual-motor planetary-coupled PHEV, which considers cooling power demand and effect of temperature on fuel economy. Temperature-modified engine model, lithium-ion battery model, two motors, and cooling system models are established. Firstly, the separated EMS (S-EMS) is designed which manages powertrain and cooling system separately. Sequentially, after the analysis of thermal characteristics of the powertrain and cooling system, the thermal-based EMS (T-EMS) is then proposed to manage two systems coordinately. In T-EMS, cooling power demand and the charging/discharging energy of motors are calculated as equivalent fuel consumption and integrated into the object function. Besides, a fuzzy controller is also established to deicide the fuel-electricity equivalent factor with consideration of the effect of temperature and state of charge on powertrain efficiency. Finally, the hardware-in-loop experiment is carried out to validate the real-time effect of EMS under the New European Driving Cycle. The result shows that cooling power demand and temperature can significantly affect the fuel economy of the vehicle. T-EMS shows better performance in fuel economy than S-EMS. The equivalent fuel consumption of the cooling system of T-EMS decreases by 27% compared with that of S-EMS. The total equivalent fuel consumption over the entire trip of PHEV using T-EMS is reduced by 9.7%.     

静电激发型袋除尘器的机理及应用前景

静电激发型袋除尘器有别于常规的电袋结合除尘器，其是将电除尘器的预荷电原理作用于烟气后，利用袋除尘器的滤袋做收尘极板来收集粉尘。本文通过分析Max-9^TMESFF的结构介绍了其除尘机理，并分析了它的应用前景。     

组合人工湿地处理工业园区污水厂尾水的中试研究

在巢湖流域水环境治理中,依托工业园区污水厂,进行了组合人工湿地处理工业园区污水厂尾水的中试研究。介绍了工艺流程和设计参数,运行结果表明,整个处理系统运行稳定,对COD、NH4+-N和TP的平均去除率分别为65.5%、75.5%和49.2%,其中一级潜流湿地对各污染物的去除贡献率最高。系统出水COD、氨氮、总磷基本达到了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中的Ⅴ类水标准。此外还利用GC/MS初步对系统进出水进行了有机物组分分析,结果表明尾水中含有除草剂及农药中间体等难降解有机物,组合人工湿地对这些物质有一定去除效果。     

甲烷-煤尘复合火焰的传播与温度特征

为了揭示甲烷-煤尘复合体系的燃烧特征,利用高速摄像机、超细热电偶、显微镜头等对管道内甲烷-煤尘复合火焰的传播过程及其温度特征进行了试验研究.结果表明,随着煤尘浓度的增加,甲烷-煤尘复合火焰的最高温度及传播速度呈现先增大后减小的趋势; 对于甲烷-煤尘复合火焰,粒径较大的煤尘在较小的浓度达到最高温度,而粒径较小的煤尘则需要在较大的浓度达到最高温度.     

吉林油田稠油热采污水处理絮凝剂实验研究＊

在含油污水水质分析的基础上,采用烧杯实验和分光光度法研究絮凝剂的絮凝效果。筛选出以无机絮凝剂硫酸铝与两性高分子聚合物CE-3090的复配体系,同时研究了影响絮凝效果的因素并探究了其影响机理。结果表明:在温度为40℃,pH为7.72,170 r/min时高速搅拌1 min,然后50 r/min低速搅拌5 min,硫酸铝的加量为90 mg/L、CE-3090的加量为0.5 mg/L,絮凝沉降30 min后其絮凝效果较好。实验证明:该复配处理剂处理含油污水后,含油量和杂质含量都达到了SY/T 5329-94《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》油田污水回注的要求。     

Cultivating hybrid collectives: research methods for enacting community food economies in Australia and the Philippines

Across the globe, groups are experimenting with initiatives to create alternatives to the dominant food system. What role might research play in helping to strengthen and multiply these initiatives? In this paper we discuss two research projects in Australia and the Philippines in which we have cultivated hybrid collectives of academic researchers, lay researchers and various non-human others with the intention of enacting community food economies. We feature three critical interactions in the “hybrid collective research method”: gathering, which brings together those who share concerns about community food economies; reassembling, in which material gathered is deliberatively rebundled to amplify particular insights; and translating, by which reassembled ideas are taken up by other collectives so they may continue to “do work”. We argue that in a climate-changing world, the hybrid collective research method fosters opportunities for a range of human and non-human participants to act in concert to build community food economies.     

基于业务的网络可靠性试验流量生成方法研究

网络的发展从仅关注速度的提升转移到关注业务的交付能力,由此网络可靠性问题越来越受到研究者的重视。网络可靠性试验是评价网络可靠性的一种重要手段,而试验流量的生成对可靠性评价结果具有决定性的影响。然而目前从可靠性角度对网络进行试验时,对任务的描述较为简单,无法支撑由客户需求分解到网络流量生成的全过程;从流量模型角度出发的生成技术则仅关注全网流量,难以支持可靠性试验中的流量生成。本文提出基于业务的混合模型的流量描述方法,并使用软件实现,最后进行试验验证所提出方法的有效性。