导弹用高硅氧/酚醛结构件贮存寿命评估

目的 评估弹上高硅氧/酚醛玻璃钢结构件在25℃条件下的贮存寿命.方法 针对弹上高硅氧/酚醛玻璃钢结构件,开展90、110、130、150℃4个温度水平的加速老化试验,分析玻璃钢结构件的性能变化规律,建立半经验数学模型,利用阿罗尼乌斯模型评估其在常温下的贮存寿命.结果 高硅氧/酚醛玻璃钢结构件的初始弯曲强度为181.2 ...     

氨基改性二氧化硅气凝胶的制备及其对镍离子的吸附性能

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为改性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氨基改性二氧化硅气凝胶,采用FTIR、SEM、TEM和BET技术对其进行了表征,并将其用于对水中镍离子的吸附。表征结果显示,改性前后的气凝胶均具有三维多孔网络结构,比表面积分别为877.35 m²/g和357.76 m²/g,平均孔径分别为10 nm和12 nm。实验结果表明：溶液pH为4~7时改性气凝胶对镍离子均保持较高的吸附量,溶液pH为6左右时吸附量最高;Langmuir等温吸附模型能更好地描述镍离子在改性气凝胶上的吸附行为,其饱和吸附量为70.03 mg/g,改性前仅为29.05 mg/g;改性气凝胶重复使用5次后,仍保持较高的镍离子去除率,重复使用性能良好。     

Proton-induced accelerated decay of the fungicide,vinclozolin, on TiO2 surface under solar irradiation: Experimental and DFT study

The photochemical degradation of vinclozolin by addition of titanium dioxide on silica support has been examined both experimental and quantum-chemically. Solar irradiation of vinclozolin on silica with and without addition of titanium dioxide for 6 h resulted in 21% and 97.8% vinclozolin residues, respectively. In both these cases, phototransformation leads to the formation of (3,5-dichlorophenyl isocyanate) and (3,5-dichloroaniline). The presence of the intermediary product resulted from opening of the 2,4-oxazolidine-dione ring is also confirmed by GS-MS and LC-MS chromatography. The proton-induced mechanism of vinclozolin decay at the above experimental conditions is clarified on the base of DFT calculations.     

MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成及其对铜离子的吸附性能

以微硅粉为硅源，CTAB和PEG-6000为模板剂，合成MCM-41介孔分子筛。采用XRD、N2吸附-脱附曲线、FT—IR以及TEM表征了其结构、比表面积、孔径分布及晶体形貌，并且以该样品为吸附剂，对含Cu2＋的溶液进行了静态吸附实验。结果表明，以微硅粉为硅源成功合成了具有典型六方排列孔道结构的MCM-41，其比表面积为869．5m。／g，孔容为0．97cm3／g，平均孔径为3．3nm；溶液pH为5—6时，MCM-41对Cu2＋的去除效果最好；MCM-41对Cu3＋的最大吸附吸附容量36．3mg／g；MCM-41对Cu2＋的吸附性能符合Langmuir吸附方程的特征。动力学研究表明，该过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

Synthesis of mesoporous silica materials from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash

Incinerator bottom ash contains a large amount of silica and can hence be used as a silica source for the synthesis of mesoporous silica materials. In this study, the conditions for alkaline fusion to extract silica from incinerator bottom ash were investigated, and the resulting supernatant solution was used as the silica source for synthesizing mesoporous silica materials. The physical and chemical characteristics of the mesoporous silica materials were analyzed using BET, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and solid-state NMR. The results indicated that the BET surface area and pore size distribution of the synthesized silica materials were 992 m²/g and 2–3.8 nm, respectively. The XRD patterns showed that the synthesized materials exhibited a hexagonal pore structure with a smaller order. The NMR spectra of the synthesized materials exhibited three peaks, corresponding to Q² [Si(OSi)₂(OH)₂], Q³ [Si(OSi)₃(OH)], and Q⁴ [Si(OSi)₄]. The FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of a surface hydroxyl group and the occurrence of symmetric Si–O stretching. Thus, mesoporous silica was successfully synthesized from incinerator bottom ash. Finally, the effectiveness of the synthesized silica in removing heavy metals (Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Cr²⁺) from aqueous solutions was also determined. The results showed that the silica materials synthesized from incinerator bottom ash have potential for use as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.     

Periodically hydrologic alterations decouple the relationships between physicochemical variables and chlorophyll-a in a dam-induced urban lake

Periodically hydrologic alterations driven by seasonal change and water storage capacity management strongly modify physicochemical properties and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and their interactions in dam-induced lakes. However, the extent and magnitude of these changes still remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of periodically hydrologic alterations on physicochemical variables and Chl-a in the dam-induced urban Hanfeng Lake, upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir. Shifts in Chl-a and 13 physicochemical variables were recorded monthly in the lake from January 2013 to December 2014. Chl-a was neither seasonal nor inter-annual differences while a few physical variables such as flow velocity (V) exhibited significantly seasonal variabilities, and chemical variables like total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved silica (DSi) were markedly inter-annual differences. Higher TN:TP (40:1) and lower NO₃-N:DSi (0.8:1) relative to balanced stoichiometric ratios suggested changes in composition of phytoplankton communities and potentially increased proportion of diatom in Hanfeng Lake. Chl-a was predicable by combination of dissolved oxygen (DO), TN and DSi in dry season, and by V alone in wet season. During the whole study period, Chl-a was solely negatively correlated with TN:TP, indicating decline in N concentration and increase in P could therefore increase Chl-a. Our results highlight pronounced decoupling of linkages between Chl-a and physicochemical variables affected by periodically hydrologic alterations in dam-induced aquatic systems.     

表面包覆TiO_2材料的制备及光催化降解染料废水

以介孔硅基分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在SBA-15分子筛表面包覆TiO_2。制备了不同TiO_2含量的链状二维六方形介孔复合材料。采用电子显微镜扫描仪、X射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱、紫外-固体漫反射等技术对复合材料进行表征。SEM结果表明样品具有良好的包覆效果,UV-Vis光谱结果表明样品具有较好的光吸收能力。XRD结果表明复合材料表面包覆的TiO_2为锐钛矿和金红石的混合晶型,随载体用量的增加TiO_2的粒径逐渐减小。以光催化降解亚甲基蓝为目标,研究复合材料在煅烧温度、载体用量、底物溶液初始浓度等影响因素下的光催化效果。考察复合材料的再生光催化活性。研究表明:介孔TiO_2复合材料相比于市售P-25有较高的光催化活性。复合材料可进行回收利用,并且其介孔结构牢固不易崩塌。     

某熔模铸造企业职业病危害因素调查及检测结果分析

通过开展现场卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测和职业健康体检的方法,对熔模铸造企业职业病危害因素分布及其健康影响进行了研究。调查结果表明：该企业作业场所存在粉尘、噪声、高温、石蜡烟等多种职业病危害因素,并已对作业人员健康造成损害。其中矽尘、高温等职业病危害因素超标严重;制壳、熔炼、浇铸等岗位的职业病危害严重,需重点加以治理。     

杭州西湖湖湾生物硅沉积测定与营养演化的过程

选择杭州西湖3处湖湾——茅家埠、乌龟潭、浴鹄湾作为研究对象,通过3处湖湾多点浅钻的表层沉积物生物硅质量分数测试,通过底泥分析西湖疏浚与水环境治理措施的效果。研究发现：对照西湖沉积速率（4mm／a）,3处湖湾表层沉积物中生物硅质量分数高低依次为茅家埠、乌龟潭与浴鹄湾。近10年来不同湖湾沉积物中生物硅沉积含量相差较大,这一时期正对应着西湖综合环境整治工程。对西湖3个湖湾表层沉积物中生物硅质量分数研究表明：西湖水体中的氮、磷、硅促进了硅藻的生长与硅的消耗,不同湖湾之间生物硅沉积存在着明显差异,这可能与人类活动的影响差异有关。