Use of the MicroResp™ method to assess pollution-induced community tolerance to metals for lotic biofilms

Understanding the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems and the impact of anthropogenic contamination requires correlating exposure to toxicants with impact on biological communities. Several tools exist for assessing the ecotoxicity of substances, but there is still a need for new tools that are ecologically relevant and easy to use. We have developed a protocol based on the substrate-induced respiration of a river biofilm community, using the MicroResp™ technique, in a pollution-induced community tolerance approach. The results show that MicroResp™ can be used in bioassays to assess the toxicity toward biofilm communities of a wide range of metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag, Ni, Fe, Co, Al and As). Moreover, a community-level physiological profile based on the mineralization of different carbon substrates was established. Finally, the utility of MicroResp™ was confirmed in an in-situ study showing gradient of tolerance to copper correlated to a contamination gradient of this metal in a small river.     

复合型杀菌剂对生物粘泥处理效果的研究

为了解决循环冷却水系统中生物粘泥大量滋生的问题,设计实验,考察了一定浓度的复合酶制剂与常规杀菌剂复配使用对生物粘泥的处理效果。研究结果表明,在酶制剂的辅助下,杀菌剂苯扎溴胺对生物粘泥的作用效果明显增加。180 mg/L是苯扎溴胺与酶复配的最佳浓度;酶与醋酸氯已定复配后对生物粘泥的杀菌效果有所增高,80 mg/L是醋酸氯...     

SBBR挂膜前活性污泥培养与驯化的研究

在序批式生物膜反应器（SBBR）挂膜前驯化活性污泥对养猪场废水进行生物降解实验。结果表明，在驯化期结束时，COD和NH₃-N的去除率分别达到85%和74%。对驯化过程中出现的污泥膨胀、上浮、泡沫等异常现象进行了分析，并提出了相应的解决措施。     

一体化A/O移动床生物膜反应器中DO、TN分布及脱氮效果研究

采用一体化A/O移动床生物膜法工艺，以模拟生活污水研究了该工艺的除碳脱氮效果，并对一体化移动床生物膜反应器的好氧区和缺氧区各纵向断面的COD、DO、NH₃-N、TN、NO^-₃-N和NO^-₂-N进行了检测，通过对缺氧区各断面的DO和TN浓度分布情况，分析了脱氮的产生过程。试验结果表明: 在水力停留时间HRT＝12 h，好氧区DO保持5 mg/L左右，COD进水浓度处于250～400 mg/L时，COD的去除率均在90%以上，且出水COD均在40 mg/L以下；TN进水浓度为20～50 mg/L时，NH₃-N去除率高于90%，其出水浓度可达到5 mg/L以下，脱氮效率也较高，TN去除率可达到65%～85%。COD和NH₃-N的浓度分布状况表明该一体化A/O移动床生物膜反应器的流态趋于全混式。     

光能自养生物膜形成机制及脱氮影响因素的研究进展

光能自养生物膜是一个由复杂微生物群落构成的相对稳定的微生态系统,微生物细胞及非生物物质镶嵌在微生物分泌的有机聚合物基质上,其显著特征是膜表面寄居着光能自养生长的微生物,并能在碳源缺乏条件下完成生物脱氮.总结了光能自养生物膜的形成机制,概述了光照、温度、微生物种类、营养物浓度对光能自养生物膜脱氮的影响,指出光能自养生物膜...     

Impact of silver nanoparticles on natural marine biofilm bacteria

There has been a recent increase in the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a wide range of consumer products due to their highly effective antimicrobial properties. However, Ag NPs give cause for concern since their wide use makes them likely to be released into aquatic ecosystems and potentially affect natural bacterial communities. In this study marine biofilms were grown in situ in a coastal site (Singapore Harbour) and exposed in the laboratory for a further 24 h to 0-2000 μg L⁻¹ of well characterised Ag NPs. Increasing concentrations of Ag NPs caused a significant decrease in biofilm volume and biomass, and Ag uptake by biofilms per unit of volume was also dependent on concentration. Terminal fragment length polymorphisms and subsequent cluster and phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of major bacterial groups in biofilms irrespective of treatment with Ag NPs. This implies that even at the highest concentrations studied these taxonomic groups were not displaced. Nevertheless, biofilm succession was impeded on Ag NP treated biofilms, affecting the relative abundance of major bacterial groups in the biofilm community, with potential longer term effects on biofilm development and function.     

生物填料-沉水植物联用在河道水强化处理中的应用研究

采用新型亲水性和疏水性材料作为生物填料,研究了生物填料-沉水植物联用技术在静态和原位水体中对武进港红旗河的水强化处理性能。静态实验选用2种生物填料考察其水处理特性,筛选出性能较好的填料进行了原位实验,沉水植物选取原位常见的狐尾藻、金鱼藻和伊乐藻。通过原位实验进一步考察了所选生物填料性能及生物填料-沉水植物联用对河道水的处理效果。结果表明,原位实验处理效果优于静态实验,原位实验中各测定指标的总平均去除率分别为:氨氮69.07%,亚硝氮70.28%,硝态氮47.58%,总氮53.28%,正磷酸盐84.88%,总磷83.50%。填料平均挂膜速率为453.01 nmol/(g.d)。     

Monitoring the impact of dissolved oxygen and nitrite on anoxic biofilm in continuous denitrification process

An anoxic biofilm involved in continuous denitrificationprocess was monitored to investigate the effect of differentconcentrations of influent dissolved oxygen (DO) or nitrite onthe biofilm. Microelectrode measurements evidenced nitrateremoval activity of biofilm. When different concentrations ofDO were applied to the reactor, generally decreasedconcentrations of DO were observed as bed depth increased fromthe bottom of the reactor. Greatest decrease of the DO wasobserved in the lower 20% of the bed depth. Nitrate removalefficiency was inversely proportional to influent DOconcentrations (8.3-11.9 DO mg L^-1) or nitrite loadingrates (0-5.5 N-NO₂ ^- kg m^-3 day^-1) employed in this study. Nitrite loading rates to achieve morethan 90% of nitrate removal efficiency were 1.46 N-NO₂ ^-kg m^-3 day^-1 or less at pH 7.5 and 0.34 N-NO₂ ^- kg m^-3 day^-1 or less at pH 6.8. Nitrate removal efficiency was 63% or more within the lower 20% of the bed depth at the nitrite loading rates that allowed more than 90% of nitrate removal efficiency of the reactor. The results of this study provide first quantitative data that nitrate removalperformance of an anoxic biofilm is inhibited by DO or nitrite,reported to be a limiting factor in the suspended biologicaldenitrification process.     

不同C/N对半悬浮生物填料的同步硝化反硝化过程的影响

研究了不同的C/N比对半悬浮生物填料同步硝化反硝化(SND)过程的影响,并尝试找出能够实现完全脱氮的最佳C/N比.半悬浮生物填料生物膜反应器采用一种新颖的DO微电极技术展开试验,其结果从物质传递和分子生物学角度来阐明SND效率的差别.结果表明,物质传质和微生物的因素对SND效率有联合作用,生物膜的生物量、生物膜的结构和厚度及EPS在SND过程中有着重要的作用.使用半悬浮生物填料明显提高生物膜反应器内的生物多样性,它可以在C/N比20的条件下运行8 h后实现总氮的去除.