一种负载功能型微生物的营养缓释填料的制备及性能评价

根据乳化交联和吸附固定化原理,制备了一种负载功能型微生物的营养缓释填料(SC填料),并以乙酸丁酯作为模拟废气,考察了其在生物反应器中的使用效果.填料理化特性分析结果表明,该填料孔隙率为92.6%,堆积密度为40.75kg·m~(-3),比表面积为2.45 m2·g~(-1),真密度为551.52 kg·m~(-3);表面存在大量的O—H、C=O等亲水基团,同时填料内分布氮(N)、磷(P)等营养元素,N和P的释放速率分别为22.35 mg·(L·d)-1和8.36 mg·(L·d)-1;微生物负载量(蛋白/填料)为14.61 mg·g~(-1),储藏7 d和30 d后填料内微生物对乙酸丁酯的去除率 96%,表明其储藏稳定性较好.应用SC填料的生物滴滤塔经过8 d完成挂膜过程,在外界不供给营养、不调节循环液pH的情况下,应用SC填料的反应器运行性能稳定,去除率始终保持在94%以上,而采用聚氨酯海绵填料(PU填料)的生物滴滤塔挂膜期稍长、运行不稳定.高通量测序表明,填料制备过程中固定的特定降解菌在整个运行阶段均处于优势地位,且菌群结构较为稳定,从而能保证反应器的稳定运行.     

多孔ZnO/膨润土臭氧催化剂的制备及表征

以钠基膨润土为催化剂载体,Zn(NO_3)_2为锌源,硫酸和炭粉为改性剂,采用膨润土-Zn(NO_3)_2溶液混合法制备了多孔Zn O/膨润土臭氧催化剂,通过对酸性大红模拟染料溶液臭氧进行催化降解实验,考察了H2SO4质量分数、加炭质量分数、Zn(NO_3)_2浓度和焙烧温度等因素对催化剂性能的影响,并通过XRD、BET技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征分析。实验结果表明:催化剂的最佳制备工艺条件为H_2SO_4质量分数为10%、加炭质量分数为6%、Zn(NO_3)_2溶液浓度为1.0 mol/L和焙烧温度为500℃,对染料的降解率最大可达94.56%。     

Dissolved metal ion removal by online hollow fiber ultrafiltration for enhanced size characterization of metal-containing nanoparticles with single-particle ICP-MS

Single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) is a powerful tool for size-characterization of metal-containing nanoparticles (MCNs) at environmentally relevant concentrations, however, coexisting dissolved metal ions greatly interfere with the accuracy of particle size analysis. The purpose of this study is to develop an online technique that couples hollow fiber ultrafiltration (HFUF) with SP-ICP-MS to improve the accuracy and size detection limit of MCNs by removing metal ions from suspensions of MCNs. Through systematic optimization of conditions including the type and concentration of surfactant and complexing agent, carrier pH, and ion cleaning time, HFUF completely removes metal ions but retains the MCNs in suspension. The optimal conditions include using a mixture of 0.05 vol.% FL-70 and 0.5 mmol/L Na₂S₂O₃ (pH = 8.0) as the carrier and 4 min as the ion cleaning time. At these conditions, HFUF-SP-ICP-MS accurately determines the sizes of MCNs, and the results agree with the size distribution determined by transmission electron microscopy, even when metal ions also are present in the sample. In addition, reducing the ionic background through HFUF also lowers the particle size detection limit with SP-ICP-MS (e.g., from 28.3 to 14.2 nm for gold nanoparticles). This size-based ion-removal principle provided by HFUF is suitable for both cations (e.g., Ag⁺) and anions (e.g., AuCl₄⁻) and thus has good versatility compared to ion exchange purification and promising prospects for the removal of salts and macromolecules before single particle analysis.     

区域环境风险评价与风险管理及其在工程项目上的应用

论述区域环境风险评价的发展趋势，评价内容，程序和方法，探讨区域环境风险评价和风险管理的相互关系，给出岷江紫坪铺水库库区应用实例。     

改性炭对PH_3的吸附性能研究

为利用黄磷尾气中的高浓度CO气体,通过钢瓶配气模拟和气相色谱GC-14C测定的方法,选出了净化PH3气体的最佳改性炭;用正交实验法优化了吸附净化实验条件;通过X射线光电子能谱对改性活性炭进行表征。结果表明:铜阳离子改性炭的净化效果最好;最佳实验条件是反应温度95℃、氧含量3%、气体流量0.2L/min、浸渍液浓度0.3mol/L、活性碳粒径4mm和焙烧温度350℃。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧炉渣的性质及其环境影响评价

通过对上海市江桥生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的炉渣性质分析,测定其气味分子为喹啉基及异硫氰基衍生物,炉渣的镉、锌、镍等3种重金属含量分别为8.0,2 432.9,216.7 mg/kg,不能达到国家土壤环境质量标准,其重金属溶出浓度不能达到国家地表水环境质量标准;据此对炉渣进行环境影响评价,并分析了炉渣资源化的可行性。     

Certainties and uncertainties of land cover statistics in China

Vegetation or land cover maps have been made directly or indirectly available for the entire territory of China. The certainties and uncertainties d land cover statistics were analyzed by comparing three data sources: China‘ s Vegetation Map, IGPB DISCover, and University of Maryland Product. Great similarities in the statistics of 7 aggregated land cover types were found among the three data sources, particularly between the two global land cover maps. The per-pixel agreement between any 2 of 3 maps was between 38.0%--51.4% ; the per-pixel agreement among all three maps was only 27.1%. Certainties were found in regions where vegetation types are typical and human land use practice is relatively homogenous; the uncertainties occurred to either vegetation transition zones or regions where land cover types and land use practice are relatively diversified. Systematic and multidisciplinacy efforts are necessary to promote accurate mapping of nationwide land cover types in China. Intensive efforts should be made in regions where uncertainties of land cover information are found.     

皂素废水处理过程中有机物变化的表征

通过比较皂素废水、内电解、好氧与厌氧处理后废水中有机物质的分子量分布以及组成特点,确定皂素废水处理过程中有机物的变化。结果表明:厌氧与好氧处理后,COD值有显著减少;皂素废水经过厌氧和好氧处理后还生成一些新物质,微生物产物(SMP)。     

小麦内切多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白的部分性质研究

报导了小麦ＰＧＩＰ的部分性质，小麦ＰＧＩＰ是一种糖蛋白，含糖量６．８９％，对热不稳定，等电点为９．１和９．４，它抑制ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ的最适ｇＨ是４．０￣５．５，测定了ＰＧＩＰ亚基的氨基酸组成，ｐＨ、离子强度和温度对ＰＧＩＰ活性的影响。     

油田土壤中脱除有机硫菌株的分离与鉴定

从中原油田采集的土壤样品中分离得到有脱除有机硫(二苯并噻吩)能力的菌株ZYX。该菌株为革兰氏染色阳性,无运动性,专性需氧,固体培养基上菌落为浅黄色、圆形、湿润、有光泽、边缘整齐,培养2d后平均直径为1.5mm,在液体培养基中有明显的杆-球状生长周期。对该菌株的16SrDNA的全序列测序,并进行DNA同源性分析,发现它与与Arthrobactersp.P2的同源性为99.53%,其主要形态及生理生化特征也与Arthrobacter属相符。实验表明,最佳生长所需的DBT浓度是0.01g·L-1,最适pH值为7.0,最佳碳源和氮源分别为甘油和谷氨酰氨。