2017年9月东海海水和大气中挥发性有机硫化物的浓度分布及其来源

挥发性有机硫化物（volatile organic sulfur compounds，简称VSCs）是硫循环的主要参与者，在全球气候变化和大气化学中发挥重要作用.于2017年9月运用冷阱捕集气相色谱和气-质联用法对东海海水与大气中3种重要的VSCs即羰基硫（COS）、二甲基硫（DMS）、二硫化碳（CS₂）的浓度进行了测定，并计算了它们的海-气通量.研究结果表明，秋季东海表层海水中COS、DMS和CS₂的浓度平均值分别为（0.14±0.08）、（3.58±2.81）和（0.06±0.06）nmol·L^-1.大气中COS、DMS和CS₂的平均浓度分别为（414.9±107.4）×10^-12、（39.7±29.9）×10^-12和（92.9±55.6）×10^-12，COS是大气中含量最丰富的VSCs.相关性分析表明，海水中DMS与CS₂存在相关性，推测两者具有相似的来源途径.大气中COS和CS₂的浓度相关性较为显著，显示大气中CS₂是COS的主要源.此外，海水中COS、DMS和CS₂都呈过饱和状态，海-气通量平均值分别为（0.45±0.58）、（13.15±12.66）和（0.20±0.22）μmol·m^-2·d^-1，表明秋季东海是大气中3种VSCs的源.     

催化氧化CS2的催化剂及其性能研究

以ＣＳ２作为含硫废气的处理对象，研究了Ｐｔ－Ｍｏ负载，在改性天然丝光沸石上对ＣＳ２的催化氧化活性，以及添加Ｖ对催化剂活性的影响。研究表明，Ｐｔ－Ｍｏ－Ｖ和改性载体之间存在着共催化作用，在Ｐｔ－Ｍｏ－Ｈ＾＋Ｍ催化剂上由于Ｖ的添加，使催化剂处理ＣＳ２的浓度和ＳＤＹ值明显提高。在反应温度３１０℃，空速５００ｈｒ＾－１和ＣＳ２浓度为３７０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３转化率达到１００％，ＳＯｘ放出率接近９５％－１００％。     

多级联合处理二甲基二硫醚生产废气

对二甲基二硫醚生产过程中产生的含硫有机恶臭气体采用冷冻回收、氧化吸收、吸附净化等方法进行联合处理 ,该废气处理方法建设周期短 ,投资小 ,见效快 ,具有较好的经济效益 ,两年内即可收回全部投资。实施运行后 ,大大改善了厂内及其周边大气环境。     

二硫化碳作业工人高血压影响因素的研究

对80名接触二硫化碳的生产工人及78名对照组人员进行了血压及职业史、受教育背景、吸烟状态、饮酒状况、遗传背景(父、母亲高血压、心脑血管病患病史)、工作及生活中情感状态、饮食习惯等的测定与调查.结果显示,二硫化碳接触组高血压患病率显著性高于对照组高血压患病率(x2=9.56,P＜0.01);对研究人群高血压患病相关因素进行分析表明,接触CS2是引起高血压发生的主要危险因素,其它诸如受教育程度、压力感、遗传、吸烟、饮酒、食用水果等也与高血压的患病存在一定程度的相关.进一步对接触组研究对象进行高血压患病相关因素进行多因素分析表明,在接触组中,工作或生活中有压力感是高血压发生的一个危险因素,而每天食用水果则是高血压发生的抑制因素(保护性因子).研究结果提示,较长时间接触二硫化碳是导致血压升高的独立危险因素,工作及生活中情感状态、饮食习惯等是二硫化碳是导致高血压的重要影响因子.     

Determination of environmental pollutants bythermal lens method

ＤｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｂｙｔｈｅｒｍａｌｌｅｎｓｍｅｔｈｏｄＺｈａｎｇＹｕｅ；ＤｅｎｇＧｕｏｈｏｎｇ；ＬｉＣｈａｎｇｌｉｎ（ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ＦｕｄａｎＵ...     

活性炭吸附-微波技术再生处理粘胶纤维废气的研究

针对粘胶纤维厂冷凝处理后的废气浓度低的特点,开发了吸附-微波再生处理技术.主要考察了吸附剂的种类、H2S和CS2进口浓度、湿度的影响,同时还对微波再生条件和效果进行了实验.结果表明,活性炭对二硫化碳的吸附效果较好;H2S和CS2进口浓度很低（Ci＜200 mg/m^3）时对吸附影响不明显;湿度对吸附影响很大.实验亦证实,微波再生后的活性炭性能有很大的改善.     

Host-plant leaf surface compounds influencing oviposition in Delia antiqua

Summary. Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) females lay eggs between the leaves of onion plants or in the soil around the base of the plants, then the maggots feed on the onion bulb and roots causing rapid secondary infection by fungi and bacteria. It is well known that the first sensory modality used by the onion fly is vision, therefore the shape (vertical narrow cylinders) and colour (yellow) of the plant play a crucial role in the recognition of a potential host plant. In the past it has been shown that n-dipropyl disulfide (Pr₂S₂), a typical component of onion volatiles, is an important chemical host plant cue. We extracted host leaf surface to verify if Pr₂S₂ is the major chemical oviposition stimulant and to determine if other as yet unknown substances may play a role in host-plant selection. We confirmed that the females laid more eggs around onion plants with leaves than when only the onion bulb was present and that the odour of chopped onion stimulates oviposition. Extraction of the surface of onion leaves revealed that only the apolar fraction contained substances that stimulate egg-laying in D. antiqua. GC-EAD analysis indicated that a minor constituent, Pr₂S₂, is perceived by the olfactory receptor on the antennae of the onion fly females. This confirmed the importance of Pr₂S₂ as oviposition stimulant. Contact with the polar fraction did not stimulate egg-laying behaviour in this Delia species. We discuss the oviposition strategy of D. antiqua in comparison with its closely related species, D. radicum, in which the oviposition behaviour is stimulated mainly through contact with the cabbage leaf surface and only partially by the host volatiles.     

环境空气有组织排放H_2S和CS_2污染源的排查

采用调查和多种检测方法对有组织排放的空气恶臭的物质进行定性分析和定量监测,以证实和确认污染源。在走访受害居民和工业污染源调查的基础上,使用三点比较式嗅袋法、分光光度法、主动式吸附管热解析/GC/MS和不锈钢采样罐/GC/MS法检测空气恶臭的物质的种类和含量,并且通过自动监测仪器长期定点观测污染发生时和消除污染源后空气恶臭的物质含量的变化。结果表明,导致空气恶臭的物质为H2S和CS2,其中CS2为污染源的特征物质,相同时间和地点空气中H2S和CS2的质量浓度相关系数为0.84;污染源下风向空气中H2S含量高,年平均值为0.084mg/m3;不在下风向的空气H2S含量低;清除污染源后其下风向空气中H2S年平均值为0.008 mg/m3,空气不再恶臭。该排查方法为监控有组织排放恶臭的污染源提供了经验和实例。     

树脂吸附法去除水及空气中的CS2

采用XDA-1树脂吸附固定床工艺，对CS2饱和水溶液和含CS2的空气分别进行了动态吸附性能和影响因素的研究。在室温、CS2饱和水溶液流速为40BV／h（BV为树脂床体积）、中性或弱酸性的条件下，XDA—1树脂对水中饱和CS2的吸附效率达98．1％，对CS2的吸附量可达54．0g／L。在室温和气体流速为600BV／h的条件下，XDA-1树脂对空气中CS2的吸附效率为63．9％-90．0％，对CS2的吸附量可达28．0～36．8g／L。采用水蒸气解吸和冰水冷凝可以回收84．9％-90．0％的CS2。     

Removal of carbon disulfide via coupled reactions on a bi-functional catalyst: experimental and modeling results

A mathematical model describing the rate of carbon disulfide (CS₂) removal due to coupled reactions has been developed. Kinetic studies were carried out in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure and a range of temperatures (85–125 °C). The effects of flow rate, CS₂ inlet concentration, temperature and relative humidity were analyzed. A kinetic model based on axial dispersion, external and internal mass-transfer resistances, as well as effects of S deposition on the inner-face of the catalyst was in agreement with the CS₂ experimental breakthrough curves. The mathematical model can be used for process design and scale up of similar systems.