Characterization of coffee residues pellets and their performance in a residential combustor

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee husks (CH) were evaluated as biofuels, after densification, for energy production. CH represent a specific problem for the coffee industry due to a low calorific value, high ash content, and a very low bulk density. Hence, the energetic potential of SCG (95 wt%)/CH (5 wt%) blend and pure SCG (100%) were examined. The blend of SCG and CH was limited to 5 wt% of CH because of the low bulk density of CH. Therefore, physicochemical and energetic characterizations of the produced pellets were performed. Thermogravimetric analyses were performed under nitrogen and air atmospheres to evaluate the CH behavior in the blend. Characterization study shows that both produced pellets could reach the French Agropellets standard (AQI). Thermal degradation showed that the mean reactivity of the SCG/HC pellets was higher than pure SCG. Then, combustion experiments were performed in a domestic combustor, after modification of the boiler power in order to improve its energetic performances. The presence of CH led to a rise of CO, NOx, VOC’s, and particle emissions. Nevertheless, the performances of the biofuels are almost in agreement the NF EN 12809 standard.     

PbO_2复合电极预处理甲苯二胺废水

通过涂覆—热分解法与电沉积法制备了β-PbO_2/α-PbO_2/SnO_2-Sb2O3/Ti复合电极(PbO_2复合电极),采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、循环伏安法(CV)、线性极化法(LSV)和加速寿命试验对电极进行表征。将PbO_2复合电极用于处理甲苯二胺(TDA)废水,考察了电解质浓度、电流密度对TDA降解效果的影响。实验结果表明:α-PbO_2呈梭状,β-PbO_2呈花菜状,多层结构的PbO_2电极利于提高电极的稳定性和活性;PbO_2复合电极的析氧电位(1.9 V)明显高于TDA的氧化电位(1.28 V),其使用寿命长达486 d;在电流密度为60 m A/cm2、Na2SO4质量浓度为10 g/L、电解时间为240 min的条件下,对COD为4 791.74 mg/L、TDA质量浓度为486.4mg/L的废水进行处理,TDA去除率高达97.3%,COD去除率可达88.1%。     

海上含聚污水电化学处理装置的优化

为解决传统电化学方法在含聚污水处理时电极板消耗严重、絮渣量大的问题,通过改进电极板材料、组合数及结构等,研究适度降解-除油一体化电化学技术,在降低渣泥量的同时保证处理效果。实验结果表明:最佳电极板组合为"网状惰性金属复合物极板(阳)-网状铝极板(阴)-网状铝极板(阴)-网状惰性金属复合物极板(阳)";在电解电流为4.0 A、极板间距为8.0 cm、面体比(电极板面积与处理污水量的比值)为2/17 cm~2/mL、电解时间为30 min的最佳处理条件下,几乎无絮渣产出,含聚污水的浊度去除率为93.3%、聚合物降解率为92.0%、除油率为95.0%,展现了优良的处理效果。     

拜耳法赤泥粒径分级预处理的研究

赤泥是从铝土矿中提取氧化铝的过程中产生的工业废渣.分析了拜耳法赤泥的粒径分布,以及主要化学组成和矿物组成在不同粒径赤泥中的变化规律.在此基础上,提出先将赤泥粒径分级预处理,然后根据粗细粒径赤泥的差异分别进行回收利用的思路.研究结果表明,赤泥中粒径大于0.075 mm的粗颗粒以铁、硅、钙为主,实践证明可以通过磁选或重选工...     

1，4-二氯苯降解菌的分离及其降解特性研究

从某污水处理曝气池的活性污泥中分离出一株能够以1，4-二氯苯为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株DEB-1，通过形态特征和生理生化试验初步鉴定为黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium sp.）。实验结果表明，该菌株最适降解温度为32℃、最适降解pH为7.8，24 h对100 mg/L的1，4-二氯苯的降解率达94.5%。菌株DEB-1的降解谱较广，对5种氯苯类物质具有较高的降解率。并进一步研究了DEB-1的1，4-二氯苯降解酶粗酶液的性质，其最适反应温度和pH分别为30℃和8.5。对处理含氯代芳香化合物的有机废水具有一定的意义。     

高电压电容吸附法处理模拟含盐废水

针对电容吸附除盐法的缺点，通过对电极进行绝缘处理，开发了一种新型高电压电容吸附除盐技术。实验结果表明：增大外加电压，有利于除盐效率的提高；外加电压为60V时，NaCl去除率可达90%以上；增大废水流速对吸附效果不利；反应温度对处理效果的影响不大；在NaCl质量浓度为80mg/L、外加电压为60V、反应温度为25℃、废水流速为36m/s、反应时间为30min的条件下，经一级处理和二级处理后出水的NaCl质量浓度分别为39mg/L和16mg/L，NaCl去除率分别为51.3%和80.0%。     

活性污泥中硝化螺菌(Nitrospira)的富集及其动力学参数

采用连续进水的进水方式对污水处理厂活性污泥系统中的Nitrospira富集培养并对其相关动力学参数进行研究.结果表明,在控制反应器亚硝酸盐浓度不高于2 mg·L~(-1)的条件下可以成功富集出以Nitrospira为优势种属的活性污泥,其最大比亚硝酸盐氧化速率(以N/VSS计)为48.72 mg·(g·h)~(-1).荧光原位杂交结果显示Nitrospira占活性污泥总微生物量的75%左右,而Nitrobacter仅占总微生物的0.1%.此外通过对Nitrospira在20℃时的动力学参数进行测定,结果表明Nitrospira的最适生长温度为30~35℃,温度修正系数τN为1.046,其基质半饱和常数KS和氧半饱和常数KO分别为(0.32±0.03)mg·L~(-1)和(1.52±0.09)mg·L~(-1).Nitrospira动力学参数的研究为污水处理厂的设计运行及工艺优化提供理论参考.     

石墨烯凝胶电极的制备及电吸附Pb2+的性能

电吸附去除水中重金属离子具有吸附容量高和电极可再生的优点.本文采用高温水热法还原氧化石墨烯(GO)得到石墨烯水凝胶(GS)并经压片制得GS电极.本文对GS电极的电化学性能进行了测试,考察了GS电极电吸附Pb~(2+)的动力学和热力学特性,以及电极的脱附和循环使用情况.结果表明,GS电极的电化学性能优异,其单位质量比电容高达200.4 F·g~(-1)(1 A·g~(-1));提高电压有利于GS电极电吸附Pb~(2+),电压为-1.2 V时,GS电极对Pb~(2+)的去除率达96.4%;GS电极电吸附Pb~(2+)的饱和吸附量达461.20 mg·g~(-1),是不加电时饱和吸附量的2倍;施加反向电压可以实现Pb~(2+)的脱附和电极再生,电吸附-脱附15次后,电极对Pb~(2+)的去除率保持在95%以上.     

Pd-MnO2 nanoparticles/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) photo-electrodes photo-catalytic properties and their ability of degrading Rhodamine B under visible light

Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum(DRS); photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination(xenon light). The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO_2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO_2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant(Rhodamine B) illustrated a superior photocatalytic(PC) efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO_2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.     

滴定分析法在土壤胡敏酸研究中的应用

胡敏酸是土壤有机质的重要组成部分,是研究土壤有机质物理化学性质的重要环节之一。本文综述了国内外在土壤胡敏酸研究中所采用的各种分析方法,详细论述了滴定分析方法在土壤胡敏酸官能团测定、土壤胡敏酸带电性质测定以及胡敏酸与金属相互作用研究中的应用,并使用滴定分析法测定了贵州喀斯特地区石灰土胡敏酸中酸性官能团及其与Ca2+形成络合物的稳定系数。通过总结对比滴定分析法在研究胡敏酸方面的应用,本文认为现代滴定分析法在表征土壤胡敏酸物化特性和研究土壤胡敏酸演化规律等方面具有广泛应用前景。