汉沽生物稳定塘净化效果研究

汉沽生物稳定塘建于１９９３年．它由１０级池塘组成,ＡＴ７５ｈｍ２,用于处理城市污水（主要是化工废水）．根据２年试运行期间化学和生物学资料,分析了稳定塘的净化效果．结果表明,该稳定塘净化效能较好．主要污染物ＢＯＤ５、ＣＯＤＣｒ、ＮＨ３Ｎ和ＰＯ４Ｐ的平均去除率分别为８６．２％、７０．１％、６０．３％和６７．５％;平均年去除ＢＯＤ５４２９７．８ｔ、ＣＯＤＣｒ６１７９．８ｔ、ＮＨ３Ｎ１５４．６ｔ和ＰＯ４Ｐ８１．９ｔ．但由于有机物负荷量过高,使出水水质较差．文中提出若干改善出水水质的措施和建议     

污水稳定塘除藻的可行性技术研究

研究了稳定塘系统出水中微藻的自动絮凝作用规律．在光暗交替条件下,微藻生物量呈增减替换趋势;在遮光条件下即出现所谓“暗沉降”现象;揭示了由于优势种的不同所显现的沉降速率的差异．研究还肯定了水生动物（ 如蚌和鱼） 对微藻的滤食作用及絮凝剂（ Ｐ Ｆ Ｓ 和 Ｐ Ａ Ｃ） 在适当ｐ Ｈ 值下对微藻的快速絮凝沉降效率．在此基础上提出了几种廉价且便于操作的除藻技术,如采用间歇排水方式除藻或采用遮光措施,或用 Ｐ Ｆ Ｓ 絮凝剂除藻等     

粉煤灰钝化污泥对土壤理化性质及玉米重金属累积的影响

通过温室盆栽试验研究施用不同量及不同比例粉煤灰钝化污泥对土壤理化性质、玉米生长和重金属累积的影响。试验结果表明：施用粉煤灰钝化污泥能显著提高酸性土壤的pH值和Ca、Mg、B的含量,降低土壤的电导率和重金属的有效性。施用合适比例和合适量的粉煤灰钝化污泥能明显改善土壤的物理性质,增加土壤的N、P养分,并能显著提高玉米地上部干物重。10％和5％是高施用量和低施用量时合适的粉煤灰加入比例,施用此比例粉煤灰钝化污泥时,玉米的地上部干物重显著高于施用化肥的对照土壤或于之相当,且没有硼和重金属的毒害。     

制药废水经稳定塘处理用于农灌的可行性探讨

利用以厌氧塘为主体,以预沉池、二级厌氧塘、兼性塘组成的工艺,探讨了制药废水经过稳定塘处理后用于农灌的途径。在停留时间为7—11d时,COD去除率冬季为47％,夏季达到76.6％,夏季厌氧塘削减COD负荷达150g/m~3·d.其出水水质指标基本满足灌溉要求.还对气温、有机负荷、pH等对处理效果的影响进行了探讨。     

垃圾填埋气火焰稳定特性试验研究

针对大气式燃烧器在燃烧垃圾填埋气时的火焰稳定特性进行了实验研究,设计了一种结构简单、效果明显的填埋气火焰稳定装置.这种装置对于低热值燃气的稳定燃烧能起到较好的作用.     

312国道应用香根草治理滑坡的试验研究

312国道边坡上的试验表明,香根草适宜在南京地区公路边坡上运用,可以有效地防治坡面水土流失,固定表层土壤,而且随时间推移防止土壤流失的效果越来越明显,固土护坡效果总体上比较成功。但本地区春季移栽香根草时缓苗期过长,影响香根草在雨季到来时充分发挥作用。     

Longitudinal monitoring of neutral and adaptive genomic diversity in a reintroduction

Restoration programs in the form of ex-situ breeding combined with reintroductions are becoming critical to counteract demographic declines and species losses. Such programs are increasingly using genetic management to improve conservation outcomes. However, the lack of long-term monitoring of genetic indicators following reintroduction prevents assessments of the trajectory and persistence of reintroduced populations. We carried out an extensive monitoring program in the wild for a threatened small-bodied fish (southern pygmy perch, Nannoperca australis) to assess the long-term genomic effects of its captive breeding and reintroduction. The species was rescued prior to its extirpation from the terminal lakes of Australia's Murray-Darling Basin, and then used for genetically informed captive breeding and reintroductions. Subsequent annual or biannual monitoring of abundance, fitness, and occupancy over a period of 11 years, combined with postreintroduction genetic sampling, revealed survival and recruitment of reintroduced fish. Genomic analyses based on data from the original wild rescued, captive born, and reintroduced cohorts revealed low inbreeding and strong maintenance of neutral and candidate adaptive genomic diversity across multiple generations. An increasing trend in the effective population size of the reintroduced population was consistent with field monitoring data in demonstrating successful re-establishment of the species. This provides a rare empirical example that the adaptive potential of a locally extinct population can be maintained during genetically informed ex-situ conservation breeding and reintroduction into the wild. Strategies to improve biodiversity restoration via ex-situ conservation should include genetic-based captive breeding and longitudinal monitoring of standing genomic variation in reintroduced populations.