Estimating the Recreational-Use Value for Hiking in Bellenden Ker National Park, Australia

The recreational-use value of hiking in the Bellenden Ker National Park, Australia has been estimated using a zonal travel cost model. Multiple destination visitors have been accounted for by converting visitors’ own ordinal ranking of the various sites visited to numerical weights, using an expected-value approach. The value of hiking and camping in this national park was found to be $AUS 250,825 per year, or $AUS 144,45 per visitor per year, which is similar to findings from other studies valuing recreational benefits. The management of the park can use these estimates when considering the introduction of a system of user pays fees. In addition, they might be important when decisions need to be made about the allocation of resources for maintenance or upgrade of tracks and facilities.     

浙江省生态环境可持续发展评价指标体系的建立

生态环境的可持续发展评价是生态安全与生态建设中的重要内容。本研究应用主成分分析法，收集浙江省1990～2000年的数据，对评价指标进行初步筛选．同时采用德尔斐法进行专家咨询，得到评价指标的分层排序。最后从初选的54个评价指标中，根据主成分分析法、专家咨询法的指标筛选结果，结合有关国家及地方生态环境建设规划，建立了由40个指标组成的浙江省生态环境可持续发展评价指标体系。     

区域洪水灾害风险评估体系(Ⅰ)——原理与方法

区域洪水灾害风险评估是一个新的研究领域。从洪水灾害系统的概念出发,首先阐述了洪水灾害风险管理系统、洪水风险评估及风险类型划分;然后从指标选取原则、指标层次结构、指标量化、风险等级、风险指数等方面构建了洪水灾害风险评估指标体系;接着分析了矢量面状及栅格点状的洪水灾害风险评估单元;最后,介绍了适合区域洪水灾害风险评估的层次分析法、模糊综合评价法及空间分析方法。     

氯酚与富里酸的缔合作用

本文用超滤膜方法证实氯酚与富里酸之间存在缔合作用,并计算出表观缔合常数在２．７＊１０＾３－－１２１＊１０＾３ｍｌ．ｇ＾－１范围内。实验结果表明”ＰＨ、富里酸含量,氯酚取代氯原子个数都能够影响Ｋ值的大小。     

重复碰撞载荷下加筋板结构的动态响应研究

目的 探究船体加筋板结构在受到重复碰撞载荷作用下塑性变形的累计趋势,分析加筋板主要参数对损伤演化过程的影响,揭示高速、重复冲击下船体加筋结构的变化机理。方法 以一纵三肋加筋板为研究对象,建立基于能量法的刚塑性加筋板动态变形计算方法,以及基于Johnson-Cook本构关系的数值模拟方法,开展不同板架厚度、冲击能量以及冲击尺寸等参数对加筋板变形演化影响的研究。结果 对比分析了理论模型和数值方法,获得了不同参数下的加筋板的结构损伤演化规律。结论 理论解和数值解较为吻合。冲击能量增加后,加筋板的塑性变形量、塑性变形累积速度也随之增加。载荷集中程度越大,对于碰撞边界的破坏效应越大。     

电子产品野外环境下温循加速载荷谱编制方法

目的 将电子产品在野外环境下日变化波动与季节差异明显的温度载荷编制成温循载荷谱和转换为加速载荷谱。方法 通过四点雨流计数法提取原谱中的载荷循环信息,对提取的循环信息进行分布拟合、相关性检验等统计分析,进而构建循环均值与范围值的联合概率密度函数,再运用概率密度法,编制出8×8二维环境载荷谱。在二维载荷谱基础上,编制出温循载荷谱,使用针对电子部件参数修正的加速方程转化为加速载荷谱。结果 利用野外作业现场1个作业周期内的气温纪录,提供了一套编制温循载荷谱和转换加速载荷谱的合理化流程和解决方案。结论 该制谱方法可以利用原始环境谱中绝大部分有效信息,较好地还原电子部件野外作业阶段经历的温度变化过程,为电子产品的加速寿命试验和使用寿命预测奠定基础。     

Comparison of Soil Extraction Isotherms of Soil Samples Saturated With Nonpolar Liquids

In multiphase systems capillary pressures play a significant role on fluid movement and retention. The facility to predict the effect of different thermal remediation strategies requires the knowledge of the effect of temperature on capillary pressure-saturation relationships in the soils. The objective of recent study was (a) to develop a technique for routinely measuring the pressure-saturation curves of soil samples saturated with a nonpolar liquid at different regulated temperatures (b) to build a database using the measured pressure-saturation curves and the physical, chemical properties of the model soils (c) to establish the dependence of nonaqueous phase liquid retention on the soil properties and the temperature. The retention curves (extraction isotherms) with nonaqueous phase liquid were determined using a modified pressure plate extractor. The wetting phase was a non-aromatic hydrocarbon distillation product. Pressure plates were designed and constructed in the laboratory of our department. The temperature was held constant at 20, 40 and 60 ^∘C. Statistical analysis was performed involving selected soil parameters and the measured nonaqueous phase liquid retention data. The results show that knowing some easily measurable soil parameters (bulk density, particle size distribution, humus and lime content) we can estimate the nonaqueous phase liquid retention of the soils. The measured “extraction isotherms” provide essential information about the temperature-dependency of pressure-saturation curves.     

Effects of Acid Rain on Competitive Releases of Cd, Cu, and Zn from Two Natural Soils and Two Contaminated Soils in Hunan, China

Leaching experiments of rebuilt soil columns with two simulated acid rain solutions (pH 4.6–3.8) were conducted for two natural soils and two artificial contaminated soils from Hunan, south-central China, to study effects of acid rain on competitive releases of soil Cd, Cu, and Zn. Distilled water was used in comparison. The results showed that the total releases were Zn>Cu>Cd for the natural soils and Cd>Zn≫Cu for the contaminated soils, which reflected sensitivity of these metals to acid rain. Leached with different acid rain, about 26–76% of external Cd and 11–68% external Zn were released, but more than 99% of external Cu was adsorbed by the soils, and therefore Cu had a different sorption and desorption pattern from Cd and Zn. Metal releases were obviously correlated with releases of TOC in the leachates, which could be described as an exponential equation. Compared with the natural soils, acid rain not only led to changes in total metal contents, but also in metal fraction distributions in the contaminated soils. More acidified soils had a lower sorption capacity to metals, mostly related to soil properties such as pH, organic matter, soil particles, adsorbed SO₄ ²⁻, exchangeable Al³⁺ and H⁺, and contents of Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃.     

电化学探头法测定水中溶解氧分析方法的介绍

根据电化学探头法的原理,对便携式溶解氧测定仪测定水中溶解氧的分析方法进行了介绍,并与碘量法进行分析对比。     

异丙醇助水热法制备钛酸铋粉体的光催化性能

以B(iNO)3·35H2O和T(iSO)42为反应物,用异丙醇助水热法制备了钛酸铋光催化剂,并研究不同水热温度和水热时间对样品光催化活性的影响。用XRD表征了样品的结构,UV-vis漫反射测试显示含有Bi12TiO20的样品的吸收带发生了红移,BET测试表明样品的比表面积远远高于化学溶剂分解法制备的钛酸铋的比表面积。以甲基橙为模拟污染物,评价了样品的光催化性能,发现当水热反应温度为140℃,水热反应时间为2.5h时,样品的光催化活性最高,且超过P25。