改性活性炭脱除硫化氢工艺参数研究

针对改性活性炭脱除硫化氢过程,研究了空速、温度、原料气浓度、颗粒分布孔径4个主要工艺参数对脱硫效率的影响。结果表明:空速在1 500～4 200h-1时穿透硫容随着空速的降低而增加,当空速继续降低为1 200h-1时穿透硫容基本不变;当0～40℃时,随着温度的升高,穿透时间增加,脱硫效率提高,当温度超过40℃时,随着温度继续升高脱硫效率降低;相同空速下原料气硫化氢浓度变化只改变穿透时间;改性活性炭脱硫剂发挥脱硫作用的微孔结构范围是1～5nm。     

厌氧复合床处理抗生素废水的生产性启动研究

处理抗生素废水的厌氧复合床反应器单体有效容积为500 m3,根据反应器中有机物降解和细胞合成的关系,建立了进料有机负荷模型M_n=(1+k)n-1M₁和进料容积负荷模型N_n=(1+k)n-1N₁.根据启动过程中细菌的生长特性和进料有机负荷模型的计算,提出了厌氧复合床反应器启动运行的进料负荷技术方案,成功地进行了厌氧复合床处理抗生素废水的生产性启动.      

分段进水对改良A2/O-BAF双污泥系统反硝化除磷脱氮的影响

采用改良A²/O-BAF双污泥系统处理低C/N比生活污水,为提高碳源利用率,研究了两段进水（预缺氧段和缺氧段）对反硝化除磷脱氮的影响,同时根据COD的物料衡算公式,分析评价了不同进水比下,碳源的利用情况.结果表明当分段进水比为7：3时,平均进水COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP浓度分别为174.99、58.19、59.10、5.15 mg·L^-1,出水COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP浓度分别为29.48、4.07、14.10、0.44 mg·L^-1,去除率分别为82.12%、92.76%、75.45%、91.20%;系统中反硝化聚磷菌占聚磷菌的比例（DPAOs/PAOs）为98.81%,此时系统反硝化除磷脱氮最佳,同时碳源的有效利用率达85.77%,平衡百分比为92.33%.通过优化分段进水,碳源被有效利用,提高了同步脱氮除磷效率,为改良A²/O-BAF双污泥系统处理低C/N比污水提供理论依据.     

动物饲料中砷、铜和锌调查及分析

在广东省采集市售鸡、猪配合饲料样本70个和76个,调查评价其中砷、铜、锌形态和含量,并考察常用有机胂添加剂洛克沙胂(ROX)的稳定性.结果表明,鸡、猪料平均总As含量分别为3.6 mg·kg-1和6.5 mg·kg-1,总Cu含量为18.2 mg·kg-1和119.4 mg·kg-1,总Zn含量为124.6 mg·kg-1和486.2 mg·kg-1.按照国家相关限量标准,如考虑到可能添加了有机胂,饲料总As超标现象较少,猪料Cu、Zn超标现象较为普遍.Zn、Cu、As在饲料中添加量较高成为它们在禽畜粪中残留较高的根本原因.另外,有25.4%的饲料样本检出有机胂,且普遍同时含有As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)杂质.检出ROX和阿散酸(p-ASA)含量平均分别为7.0 mg·kg-1和21.2 mg·kg-1.鸡、猪料中各有24.3%和26.3%的样本检出有机胂.鸡料中常用ROX,而猪料常用p-ASA.ROX及其无机砷杂质在添加剂和饲料中均在室温至少30 d内保持形态稳定,说明饲料中较高含量的无机砷杂质很可能源自有机胂添加剂中的砷杂质.对相关从业人员而言,这是一种新的砷暴露途径.     

不同饲粮对生猪产污情况的影响

研究了精饲料和精青配合饲料饲养下育肥猪排污量和主要污染物含量的差异.结果表明,与饲喂精饲料相比,饲喂精青配合饲料的生猪产粪量降低18.97%,产尿量降低38.56%.精饲料饲养50d后,生猪体质量仅比精青配合饲料饲养平均增加1.5kg,采用精青配合饲料饲养的生猪体质量每增加lkg饲料成本投入比精饲料饲养减少21.68%.精青配合饲料喂养生猪不仅可减少污染物的排放量,还可节约饲料投入成本,提高养猪效益.     

Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength,hydraulic residence time(HRT),and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product(SMP) production were investigated,to gain insights into the production mechanism.A carrier anaerobic batfled reactor (CABR) treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions,namely,feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L,HRTs of 9-18 h,and temperatures of 10-28℃.Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature.At high temperature (28℃),SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature Was decreased to 18 and 10℃.the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT Therefore,temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) ratio Was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation.SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR.As a secondary metabolite.some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.     

现代黄河三角洲上部冲积平原降水入渗补给量研究

大气降水是黄河三角洲地区浅层地下水的主要补给来源。确定降水入渗补给量是地下水资源可持续利用的基础。论文选择现代黄河三角洲上部冲积平原的典型地貌单元安装自记水位计,获得了2004年30 min一次的浅层地下水水位动态数据。结合日降水量资料,应用地下水位动态法,在Matlab中编程计算了2004年次降水入渗补给系数和年平均降水入渗补给系数,探讨了该系数时空变化的特点和主要影响因素,估算了降水补给浅层地下水的水量。主要结论如下:①研究区域内浅层地下水埋深主要在2 m以内变动,属于浅埋类型。②降雨特征决定了该区域次降水入渗补给系数的大小,地表渗透性决定该区域次降水入渗补给系数的时空变异。次降水入渗补给系数随着雨前地下水埋深的增加显示出增大的趋势。③研究区域平均年降水入渗补给系数为0.186。2004年降水补给浅层地下水总量为7.4×108m3,占当年黄河径流量的3.7%。     

Effect of feedlot design and management on the fate and distribution of monensin

Feedlots produce a range of trace chemicals that impact human health and/or the environment. The most widely used growth promoter in intensive cattle production in Argentina is monensin, an ionophore polyether with antibacterial and coccidiostatic activity. Several beef cattle feedlots with different management systems, weather conditions, feed types and feedbunk types were selected in different agro-ecological areas of Argentina. Monensin concentrations in samples of pen soil, manure, feed and runoff were analysed. The monensin concentrations measured in soil samples suggest a strong dependence on the type of feed employed in the facility. During feed distribution by trucks to the feedbunks, some feed can reach the soil, thereby increasing the soil monensin concentration close to the feedbunks. The wide range of monensin concentrations detected in manure samples could be explained by the rapid degradation of monensin in the manure matrix. Monensin levels in runoff samples indicated that the distribution of monensin in the environment could be governed by surface phenomena including horizontal movement and adsorption of monensin in particulate material present in the runoff layers. This is the first study of monensin distribution in Argentinian feedlots and serves as the starting point for more sustainable and environmentally friendly feedlot management.     

活性污泥驯化技术与高浓度CTMP废水生物处理的研究

为探讨活性污泥处理高浓度ＣＴＭＰ制浆造纸废水,研究了活性污泥驯化工艺的良性对生物系统污泥沉降性能及处理效果产生的影响。３个月多的运行试验结果表明,改良后的污泥驯化工艺即间歇式与连续式进料相结合的污泥驯化工艺能够明显改善污泥沉降性能,污泥的ＳＶ３０为２９９０－３２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＳＶＩ为４８－５５ｍｌ／ｇ,并显著增加处理效果,ＣＯＤ去除率７７％－８５％,ＢＯＤ５去除率９０％－９５％,ＴＳＳ去除率７５％－     

动物饲料中的骨粉含量及其废水的磷污染

动物饲料中加入大量骨粉是其污水中含磷过高的主要原因。而常规活性污泥法对磷的去除率却很低。研究表明，与350-450g/kg相比，饲料中的骨粉含量为100-120g/kg时，污水进水中的磷含量量可由9.5gm/L减少到3.8mg/L。再加以对原活性污泥法工艺作改进，污水出水磷含量可降至0.42mg/L。