粉煤灰、硫铁矿渣制备聚铁铝硅混凝剂及应用研究

采用粉煤灰、硫铁矿渣为原料 ,设计出一条新的工艺流程制备新型无机高分子絮凝剂聚铁铝硅盐 (PAFCSi)。通过其形态分布的研究和对模拟水样的处理得到了产品的最优性能指标。对两种废水的处理结果表明产品的混凝效果明显优于市售混凝剂聚铝 (PAC)和聚铁 (PFC)。     

煤飞灰中铬铁元素的形态分析研究

用连续提取法将煤飞灰中的铬、铁元素依结合态区分为水溶态,交换态,表面氧化物和碳酸结合态,铁锰氧化物结合态,金属有机物和硫化物结合态,磁性四氧化三铁结合态和硅铝酸盐矿物态,用原子吸收法及X-衍射分析进行测定。并对煤飞灰化学形态分布进行了讨论。     

垃圾焚烧炉飞灰的低温玻璃固化初步研究

在研究我国城市生活垃圾焚烧炉飞灰的毒性特征和高温灼烧特性的基础上，试验了几种常用玻璃熔制助溶剂、烟气净化产物中的成分对飞灰的溶融温度和熔融减量的影响，以实现低温玻璃固化。实验发现受热温度越高、时间越长，飞灰减量越大；B2O3、硼砂、CaF2对飞灰助溶效果明显，而废玻璃、CaO、CaCl2能使悄灰溶融后形成的玻璃态物质地均匀、少孔。按一定比例同时加入硼砂、CaF2、废玻璃、CaO、CaCl2于飞灰中，混合物的熔融温度降到1000℃以下，大大低于飞灰自身的熔融温度（1200℃）。对该熔融物在空气中淬火形成的玻璃态物质按标准方法浸沥，选择测量了浸出液中铅、汞、镉、砷的浓度，初步发现低温玻璃态物质对重金属铅和镉具有较好的固化效果，而对汞有砷的固化效果尚不确定。     

废纸造纸废水处理方法研究与工程应用

介绍了采用微滤+混凝沉淀处理废纸造纸废水的研究和工程实例。试验结果和工程实践证明,该工艺SS去除率达90%以上,COD去除率达85%以上,处理出水水质能达到国家排放标准(GB3544-2001),且具有设备简单、运行稳定、操作方便、成本低等特点。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融处理的进展

针对城市生活垃圾焚烧产生飞灰的处理以及由此引发的二次污染问题,阐述了飞灰的污染特性,讨论了各种飞灰处理技术的优缺点,分析了熔融处理技术在降低飞灰中重金属浸出毒性和彻底分解其中的二恶英所具有的优越性,为飞灰的无害化和资源化处理提供参考。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰物理化学性质的实验研究

应用激光粒度粒形分析仪、灰熔融性测定仪、原子吸收光谱仪和XRD等仪器手段对国内2种垃圾焚烧飞灰的密度、颗粒特性、熔点、成分和晶相结构等物理化学性质进行了详细的研究。研究发现，2种灰样颗粒直径的数量积分分布非常接近，其中基本没有超过40／μm的颗粒。由于垃圾焚烧飞灰在化学成分上存在的差异导致了其熔点有很大的不同。此外，XRD结果显示不同来源的飞灰其晶相结构存在较大的差别，这可能与垃圾的来源和焚烧工艺以及烟气处理方法有关。实验结果为飞灰无害化低温烧结工艺的选择和运行参数的制定提供了依据。     

混合填充体系对铬渣中六价铬的阻留作用

以铬渣和粉煤灰为混合填充体系的主要填料，采用柱子淋洗法，通过改变混合填料的配比来研究其对铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)的阻留作用。试验结果表明，各种混合填充体系对Cr(Ⅵ)均有一定程度的阻留作用，其中I—5校对Cr(Ⅵ)的阻留固定效果最佳，淋出液中Cr(Ⅵ)的质量分数为0．删％，相对阻留效果达94．53％。     

Effects of Acidification and its Mitigation with Lime and Wood Ash on Forest Soil Processes: A Review

Anthropogenic acid deposition causes forest soil acidification and perturbation of the soil forming processes. The impact of soil acidification on tree growth is discussed in view of the role of mycorrhizal fungi in weathering and nutrient uptake. A review has been carried out of experiments involving treatments of forest soil by lime and wood ash, where soil properties and soil solution composition have been investigated. Results from these experiments in Europe and North America are summarized. In general, the content of C in the mor layer decreased as a result of treatment due to higher microbial activity and soil respiration as well as increased leakage of DOC. In addition, the content of N in the mor layer, in general, decreased after treatment and there are occasional peaks of high NO₃concentrations in soil solution. In nearly all reviewed investigations the pH of the deep mineral soil solution decreased and Al, SO₄and NO₃concentrations increased after treatment. These effects are probably due to the high ionic strength and increased microbial activity as a consequence of the treatments. In the soil, pH, CEC and base saturation increased in the upper horizons, but decreases in the upper mineral soil are also reported. In general, there was no increase in tree growth as a result of these treatments. The positive effects of the treatments on soil processes and tree growth are therefore questionable. In view of these conclusions, an investigation was carried out on the soil and soil solution chemistry and the role of mycorrhizal fungi in a spruce stand treated with two doses of lime and another treated with lime/ash in southern Sweden. The results of this investigation is reported in this volume.     

Drying of granulated wood ash by flue gas from saw dust and natural gas combustion

At the district heating plant of Kalmar, Sweden an on-line unit for production of granulated wood ash for nutrient recycling on forest soils is being applied. Currently, the granules are dried by hot air from an oil-fired burner. The objective of this work was to investigate how drying by flue gas affects the hardening of granules, or impacts their chemical composition and properties. Ninety-six granule samples were treated by flue gas from natural gas combustion in a laboratory pilot scale flue gas generator. CO₂, CO, O₂, C₃H₈ and NO concentrations were varied during the experiment. Additionally, some samples were treated by flue gas from combustion of sawdust at the heating plant in Kalmar. Drying by flue gases did not affect the chemical composition of granules, but minor effects were seen in their mineralogy. The carbonate content was slightly higher in granules treated with flue gas from natural gas combustion compared to the granules dried by hot air only, when measured by wet chemical methods. Results from XRD analysis imply that the calcite content is higher and the portlandite and arcanite content slightly less in granules treated with flue gas from sawdust combustion compared to the granules dried by hot air only. The results from this investigation showed no negative effects on ash granule composition or physical structure by the use of a flue as a drying medium.     

新型混凝剂SLB的制备及应用

新型混凝剂SLB是将聚铝和阳离子改性淀粉在一定条件下直接复配而成的一种无机-有机复合型混凝剂，通过对炼油厂及钠土污水的混凝处理实验，反映出SLB具有较好的净化效果。此外，SLB原料易得，成本低，有广阔的应用前景。