处理实际生活污水短程硝化好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养

以普通序批反应器(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR)和气提式序批反应器(Sequencing Batch Airlift Reactor,SBAR)处理低COD/TN的实际生活污水,考察了不同沉淀时间以及反应器类型对快速培养短程硝化好氧颗粒污泥(Aerobic Granular Sludge,AGS)的影响.试验结果表明,沉淀时间为15min时,SBR和SBAR系统中均为全程硝化,当将沉淀时间分别改为5min、8min后的第17d和第16d时,两个反应器中均形成AGS,并且AGS与絮状污泥共存;此时两系统均由全程硝化转化为短程硝化,出水NO2-/(NO2- NO3-)平均值分别长期维持在98.7%和85.6%左右.本试验中以沉淀时间作为选择压,快速启动了具有短程硝化功能的序批式AGS反应器.由于AGS固有结构对氧传质的限制,使亚硝酸氮氧化受阻即抑制了亚硝酸氮氧化细菌的活性,从而产生了亚硝酸氮积累现象.DO是造成本研究中出现短程硝化的主要原因,而pH值、游离氨、温度、污泥龄等因素都不是导致短程硝化的关键因素.污泥颗粒化后,两个系统中NH4 -N降解速率分别提高了2.6倍和2.4倍.     

甘肃省土壤农业水文特性的研究

本文在研究甘肃省土壤容重、土壤凋萎湿度和田间持水量的时空分布规律及其相关因素的基础上,根据占田间持水量40％(严重干旱)、60％(轻度干旱)和80％(最适宜)时的土壤湿度标准,计算出5种地域类型26个代表点的不同土壤湿度标准的土壤水分界限值,为各地采取不同的农业耕作和管理措施提供依据。最后以凋萎湿度为主导指标,以容重和田间持水量为辅助指标,建立甘肃省土壤农业水文特性分区指标系统,把全省划分为5个大区12个副区,对各大区土壤农业水文特性值进行了评述,并提出土壤改良措施和相应的办法。     

装煤和拦焦“二合一”除尘技术在炼焦生产中的应用

介绍了装煤和拦焦“二合一”除尘技术在焦炉生产中的应用实例。该工艺装置运行结果表明 ,装煤车对烟尘的收集率在 98%以上 ,拦焦车对烟尘的收集率在 95 %以上 ,除尘效果明显 ,可广泛应用于焦炉生产中     

Indoor pollutant mixing time in an isothermal closed room: an investigation using CFD

We report on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of mixing time of a pollutant in an unventilated, mechanically mixed, isothermal room. The study aims to determine: (1) the adequacy of the standard Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes two-equation (k−) turbulence model for predicting the mixing time under these conditions and (2) the extent to which the mixing time depends on the room airflow, rather than the source location within the room. The CFD simulations modeled the 12 mixing time experiments performed by Drescher et al. (Indoor Air 5 (1995) 204) using a point pulse release in an isothermal, sealed room mechanically mixed with variable power blowers. Predictions of mixing time were found in good agreement with experimental measurements, over an order of magnitude variation in blower power. Additional CFD simulations were performed to investigate the relation between pollutant mixing time and source location. Seventeen source locations and five blower configurations were investigated. Results clearly show large dependence of the mixing time on the room airflow, with some dependence on source location. We further explore dependence of mixing time on the velocity and turbulence intensity at the source location. Implications for positioning air-toxic sensors in rooms are briefly discussed.     

石灰在石煤钙化焙烧中固硫作用的研究

本研究对石煤清洁焙烧工艺 (钙化焙烧 )进行了研究 ,发现钙化焙烧除可完全避免钠化焙烧过程中Cl2 、HCl等有害气体的产生外 ,石灰在焙烧过程中有很好的固硫效果。实验结果表明 ,当焙烧温度不高于 10 0 0℃ ,石灰加入量为理论量的 1.4倍以上时 ,保证适当的焙烧时间与空气量 ,石灰的固硫率可达 99%。     

铁炭微电池电解填充流化床反应器水力学行为研究

本文提出了一种新型的铁炭微电池电解反应器———填充流化床反应器 ,并对该反应器的水力学行为进行了研究。通过床层压降法测定临界流化气速 ,建立了关于临界流化气速Uc 的经验关联式 :Uc=0 .0 15 6C0 .2 7Vt0 .14 H0 .31。通过脉冲示踪物信号法测得停留时间分布密度函数E(t) ,结果表明该反应器水力混合特性接近于完全混合反应器     

羧甲基壳聚糖的制备及絮凝性能探讨

制备了具有水溶性、无毒羧甲基壳聚糖（以下简称NOCC），将其作为絮凝剂与聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）一道处理生活污水，通过测定其沉降时间，沉降絮体高度，沉降速度，沉降后溶液透光率等参数，表征了其絮凝能力，提出了普遍认为聚丙烯酰胺处理一般污水具有良好絮凝能力的不同看法，为壳聚糖的开发利用做了有益的探索。     

水力空化耦合电解抑藻工艺性能的初步研究

采用水力空化与电解耦合的工艺去除水体中的藻类。初步探索了包括空化管径和电解时间在内的处理工艺参数，改善了处理装置结构。试验选用天然水体优势藻种——铜绿微囊藻和水华鱼腥藻为研究对象，在优化后的水力空化条件下，水头压力0.33 MPa，电流密度为2.13 mA/cm²，处理10 L密度为3.0×106 mL^-1的铜绿微囊藻藻液。结果表明，该装置具有显著的抑藻效果，处理30 min的水样在处理后培养3 d可以达到76.9%的抑藻率，4 d后抑藻率上升到到97.5%。而对藻液分别进行单独空化30 min和单独电解30 min后培养4 d的抑藻率分别为27.7%和27.8%，表明空化耦合电解具有协同作用。通过比较该装置对不同藻种以及处于不同生长阶段的藻种的处理效果，发现装置对铜绿微囊藻的抑藻率显著优于水华鱼腥藻；对于铜绿微囊藻而言，处于对数生长期的藻细胞比稳定生长期更易被除去。     

Transport of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and ozone to the Alpine Global Atmosphere Watch stations Jungfraujoch (Switzerland), Zugspitze and Hohenpeissenberg (Germany), Sonnblick (Austria) and Mt. Krvavec (Slovenia)

The Alpine stations Zugspitze, Hohenpeissenberg, Sonnblick, Jungfraujoch and Mt. Krvavec contribute to the Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The aim of GAW is the surveillance of the large-scale chemical composition of the atmosphere. Thus, the detection of air pollutant transport from regional sources is of particular interest. In this paper, the origin of NO_x (measured with a photo-converter), CO and O₃ at the four Alpine GAW stations is studied by trajectory residence time statistics. Although these methods originated during the early 1980s, no comprehensive study of different atmospheric trace gases measured simultaneously at several background observatories in the Alps was conducted up to present.The main NO_x source regions detected by the trajectory statistics are the northwest of Europe and the region covering East Germany, Czech Republic and southeast Poland, whereas the main CO source areas are the central, north eastern and eastern parts of Europe with some gradient from low to high latitudes. Subsiding air masses from west and southwest are relatively poor in NO_x and CO.The statistics for ozone show strong seasonal effects. Near ground air masses are poor in ozone in winter but rich in ozone in summer. The main source for high ozone concentration in winter is air masses that subside from higher elevations, often enhanced by foehn effects at Hohenpeissenberg. During summer, the Mediterranean constitutes an important additional source for high ozone concentrations.Especially during winter, large differences between Hohenpeissenberg and the higher elevated stations are found. Hohenpeissenberg is frequently within the inversion, whereas the higher elevated stations are above the inversion.Jungfraujoch is the only station where the statistics detect an influence of air rich in CO and NO_x from the Po Basin.     

水质自动监测仪中的氨气敏电极使用寿命的探讨

文章揭示了造成环境监测仪器的氨气敏电极损坏的原因，提出了延长其使用寿命的方法。首先要保护电板的引线，必须严格按照使用说明书定期进行认真的保养维护，实施氨气敏复合电极膜及其填充液的更换，保护好电极，可延长其寿命。