Subjective time in organizations: Conceptual clarification,integration, and implications for future research

Despite the rapid growth of organizational research on subjective time, the extant literature is fragmented due to a lack of conceptual clarification and integration of temporal constructs. To address this fragmentation, we synthesize temporal research from both organizational behavior and adjacent disciplines (i.e., strategy, entrepreneurship, and organizational theory) and introduce a framework that allocates temporal constructs according to their basic conceptual nature (trait–state) and level of analysis (individual–collective). We employed the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count text analysis to determine the trait–state property of the constructs and a coding method to determine their level of analysis. This framework categorizes four generic types of subjective time: individual temporal disposition, individual temporal state, collective temporal state, and collective temporal disposition. We clarify the conceptualizations of the temporal constructs belonging to each of the four archetypes of subjective time and review their key findings in the organizational literature. Based on this integrative framework, we identify critical knowledge gaps in the current state of research and chart a future agenda with specific suggestions.     

分散式高负荷地下渗滤污水处理系统的设计和运行

以广东佛山利华员工村生活污水处理工程为例,介绍了高负荷地下渗滤污水处理系统的设计方案和运行情况。该工程污水负荷高达56 cm/d,对进出水采样监测结果表明：系统对COD、BOD5、SS、NH4＋-N、色度、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为87.7%、78.9%、92.5%、87.6%、90%、52.2%和76.3%,出水的...     

Comparison of the droplet size spectra produced by rotary atomizers and hydraulic nozzles under simulated aerial application conditions

Abstract

A wind tunnel was used to characterize the droplet size spectra of liquid sprays from several different atomizers and nozzles used under simulated aerial application conditions. The atomizers included a D8–46 nozzle, a Through Valve Boom (TVB) nozzle, and rotary cage and drum atomizers.

The D8–46 hydraulic nozzle was evaluated, using water, at orientations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90° relative to 145 and 180 km/h airstreams. The TVB nozzle was evaluated using water, water with isopropyl alcohol, and water with a non‐ionic surfactant at airstream velocities between 130 and 180 km/h. The rotary atomizers were evaluated at different rotation rates, flow rates of water and an insecticide, in 130 and 180 km/h airstreams.

The volumetric droplet size spectra parameters (D_vo.x) decreased as the angle of the D8–46 nozzle and the airstream velocity increased. Empirical models were developed to predict these values for different windspeed and nozzle angle conditions. The TVB nozzle produced larger droplets than the other atomizers under similar conditions, with a decrease in the D_vo.x parameter values as the airstream velocity increased.

The D_vo.x parameter values produced by the rotary atomizers increased as the liquid flow rate increased, and as the rotation rate and airstream velocity decreased, and were lower for the insecticide than for water. The slotted rotary drum atomizer gave the best control over droplet size, generally producing mono‐modal droplet size spectra where the other atomizers often produced bi‐ and multimodal spectra.     

单洞双线铁路隧道火灾人员疏散安全性分析

为了分析单洞双线铁路隧道火灾人员疏散安全性，基于单洞双线铁路隧道结构特点，分析不同火灾场景下人员疏散模式，利用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS，建立隧道火灾模型，分别研究火源位于车头和列车中部车厢内时可用安全疏散时间。利用Pathfinder软件，模拟人员折返路线与不同疏散口间距下人员疏散过程，分析必需安全疏散时间及其影响因素。研究结果表明:隧道发生火灾时，人员可用安全疏散时间与火源位置有关，必需安全疏散时间受疏散总人数、疏散口选择、疏散口间距等因素影响很大。在设计隧道疏散系统时，可通过减小疏散口间距和设置明显的疏散设施指示标识，减少人员疏散所用时间。     

大跨度斜拉桥抗震性能分析与减震控制研究

本文以香溪河大桥为工程背景,利用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立该斜拉桥的有限元模型,进行地震作用下的动力非线性时程分析,并以COMBIN37单元模拟非线性粘滞阻尼器,研究了粘滞阻尼器参数对桥梁抗震性能的影响规律,并确定了合理的阻尼器参数取值。并对未设置与设置粘滞阻尼器的桥梁结构地震响应进行数值分析与比较,分析结果表明:合理设置粘滞阻尼器,可以有效降低桥梁结构关键部位在地震作用下的位移响应,并对结构内力也有一定的降低。本文研究结果为大跨度斜拉桥振动控制分析及工程应用具有重要的指导意义。     

Fe/C内电解法处理二硝基重氮酚废水实验研究

采用Fe/C内电解法处理DDNP废水,研究了该方法在酸性和碱性条件下对DDNP废水的处理效果,并考察了pH值、反应时间及铁碳比对处理效果的影响。结果表明:Fe/C内电解法可有效去除DDNP废水中由硝基苯类物质引起的COD、S2-、SS和色度,在最佳酸性实验条件下,COD、S2-、SS和色度的去除率分别为85.65%、91.6%、100%和99.63%。在最佳碱性实验条件下,COD、S2-、SS和色度的去除率分别为90.13%、99.73%、100%和99.63%。     

南京市不同时间尺度温度变化特征

利用南京市1951～2005年的气温资料，研究了南京市不同时间尺度的气温变化特征。结果表明：1951～2005年，南京市温度的年变化呈现上升趋势，年平均最高温度的上升幅度较年平均最低温度高，温度日较差（DTR）的年平均值为下降趋势，1992年可作为近55a南京地区冷暖期的转折点。温度的季节变化也多数呈现上升趋势，四季的平均气温增暖幅度最大是春季，最小的是夏季；四季的平均最高气温与平均最低气温多数都表现为上升的趋势，只有夏季的平均最高温度表现为下降的趋势。因此，近55a南京市在温度总体呈现上升趋势的情况下，夏季有变凉的趋势。四季的DTR的变化中，只有春季为上升趋势，其余季节都是下降的趋势。极端年份的日平均温度变化趋势基本一致，但各年份的DTR变化趋势却不相同。     

起重机两种制动器的比较与选用

介绍直流电磁铁式制动器和交流电力液压推杆式制动器各自的特点,并对它们的优缺点进行分析,提出了我厂对它们的选用情况。     

Parameters affecting the stability of the digestate from a two-stage anaerobic process treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

This paper focused on the factors affecting the respiration rate of the digestate taken from a continuous anaerobic two-stage process treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). The process involved a hydrolytic reactor (HR) that produced a leachate fed to a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR). It was found that a volatile solids (VS) removal in the range 40-75% and an operating temperature in the HR between 21 and 35 °C resulted in digestates with similar respiration rates, with all digestates requiring 17 days of aeration before satisfying the British Standard Institution stability threshold of 16 mg CO₂ g VS⁻¹ day⁻¹. Sanitization of the digestate at 65 °C for 7 days allowed a mature digestate to be obtained. At 4 g VS L⁻¹ d⁻¹ and Solid Retention Times (SRT) greater than 70 days, all the digestates emitted CO₂ at a rate lower than 25 mg CO₂ g VS⁻¹ d⁻¹ after 3 days of aeration, while at SRT lower than 20 days all the digestates displayed a respiration rate greater than 25 mg CO₂ g VS⁻¹ d⁻¹. The compliance criteria for Class I digestate set by the European Commission (EC) and British Standard Institution (BSI) could not be met because of nickel and chromium contamination, which was probably due to attrition of the stainless steel stirrer in the HR.     

Analysis of tropospheric ozone concentration on a Western Mediterranean site: Castellon (Spain)

Ozone dynamics in our study area (Castellon, Spain) is both strongly bound to the mesoscale circulations that develop under the effect of high insolation (especially in summer) and conditioned by the morphological characteristics of the Western Mediterranean Basin. In this work we present a preliminary analysis of ozone time series on five locations in Castellon for the period 1997–2003. We study their temporal and spatial variations at different scales: daily, weekly, seasonally and interannually. Because both the O₃ concentration and its temporal variation depend on the topographic location of the observing station, they can show large differences within tens of kilometer. We also contrast the variation in the ozone concentration with the variations found for meteorological variables such as radiation, temperature, relative humidity and recirculation of the air mass. The link between elevated ozone concentrations and high values of the recirculation factor (r=0.7–0.9) shown the importance of recirculating flows on the local air pollution episodes.