基于CO2气体分离的固载离子液体@介孔二氧化硅混合基质膜

为提升混合基质膜对CO₂的气体分离性能,将具有良好CO₂吸附特性能的离子液体首先固载于介孔SiO₂中,而后将该复合材料掺杂到 聚酰亚胺高分子中构建高效分离CO₂的混合基质膜.研究结果表明,固载离子液体主要进入介孔SiO₂的孔道内部,但当绝大部分介孔孔道被离子液体填满后,过多离子液体在SiO₂颗粒外围形成连接.由于离子液体对CO₂优异的吸附性能,其固载后介孔SiO₂对CO₂的吸附性能得到的显著提升,这进一步增强了固载离子液体的介孔SiO₂掺杂混合基质膜对CO₂气体的捕获,随着混合基质膜中离子液体固载量增加其CO₂渗透性能也明显提升.但当固载离子液体加入量达到1.0 g时,固载离子液体的介孔SiO₂在PI高分子中出现了团聚,其CO₂渗透性能反而下降.IL@C-SiO₂-2/PI膜的渗透性能和对CO₂的渗透选择性都达到最佳,其对CO₂/N₂理想选择性可达到30.     

离子液体[C14mim]Br对大鼠亚慢性毒性的初步研究

研究了离子液体溴化-1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐([C_(14)mim]Br)对大鼠的亚慢性毒性.实验设立3个染毒组(2.5、5、10 mg·kg~(-1))和1个对照组,对大鼠经口染毒90 d后,分别考察大鼠的体重、血清生化指标、脏体指数、组织形态学的变化.结果表明,与对照组相比,染毒组大鼠的体重增长随着染毒剂量的增加而降低,肝脏/体重系数增大,其血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、直接胆红素(DBIL)和和球蛋白(GLB)水平均明显升高,A/G(ALB/GLB)、血清总蛋白(TP)值则明显下降.病理检查结果显示,染毒组大鼠的肝脏、肾脏及肺均有不同程度的损伤及病变.研究表明,[C_(14)mim]Br亚慢性染毒对大鼠的肝肾均有损伤,且其毒性呈一定的剂量依赖性.     

Effect of ionic strength on adsorption of As(Ⅲ) and As(V) on variable charge soils

The study was to investigate the adsorption behavior of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) on two variable charge soils, i.e., Haplic Acrisol and Rhodic Ferralsol at dierent ionic strengths and pH with batch methods. Results indicated that the amount of As(III) adsorbed by these two soils increased with increasing solution pH, whereas it decreased with increasing ionic strength under the acidic condition. This suggested that As(III) was mainly adsorbed on soil positive charge sites through electrostati...     

天然及甲酸改性沸石对沙门氏菌K533吸附作用的影响

采用甲酸对天然沸石改性,通过测定其比表面积和XRD图谱评定其结构变化;并在不同浓度的K+、Cu2+、HPO42-存在条件下,比较了天然沸石及改性加工后对沙门氏菌K533的吸附性能.结果表明:天然沸石经甲酸改性后,BET比表面积增加;由XRD图谱可见,改性沸石表面杂质减少;在离子浓度相同的条件下,改性沸石对沙门氏菌K533的吸附量极显著高于天然沸石(P<0.01),且在一定离子浓度范围内,天然沸石、改性沸石的吸附量随离子浓度的增加而增大.综上所述,甲酸改性沸石对沙门氏菌K533的吸附性能优于天然沸石.     

17α-雌二醇在土壤样品中的吸附特性研究

研究了pH值、温度、离子强度和土壤粒径等因素对17α-雌二醇(17α-E2)在土壤样品中吸附特性的影响。结果表明:17α-E2在土壤中的等温吸附浓度呈现先显著升高后保持相对稳定的趋势,等温吸附平衡时间约为0.5 h;土壤对17α-E2的吸附率随着环境温度的升高而显著降低。随着17α-E2溶液pH值的升高,土壤样品对17α-E2的吸附则逐渐降低;随着离子浓度的升高,土壤样品对17α-E2的吸附呈现先显著升高后保持相对稳定的趋势;随着土壤粒径的增大,土壤样品对于17α-E2的吸附作用则显著降低。     

Study of metal accumulation in wild plants using principal component analysis and ionic impulsions

The objective of this work is to apply principal component analysis (PCA) and ionic impulsions to the study of the accumulation and uptake of metals in wild plants. Soil samples were taken in three locations and the following plant species were selected: Poa, Pteridium aquilinum, Diplotaxis, Plantago lanceolata and Trifolium repens. After determining contents of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd and Fe in the plant samples and in the soils, principal component analysis was carried out for plant data treatment. Sample position maps revealed that there was no substantial differences among samples when plant species or sampling locations were used as a criteria. As the factors obtained by PCA only correlated with one or two variables, the study of accumulation patterns of metals was carried out by using ionic impulsions. The presence of large amounts of pollutants (like Cd, Cr) in plants is related to a greater assimilation of essential micronutrients in order to counteract the influence of the pollutants.     

雌酮(E1)在土壤中的吸附特性

研究了平衡时间、温度、pH、离子强度和土壤粒径对E1(雌酮)在土壤中吸附特性的影响. 结果表明:E1在土壤中的等温吸附平衡时间约为0.5h;在温度为10、20和30℃条件下,土壤对E1的K_f(吸附系数)分别为24.72、14.18和9.39,K_d(分配系数)分别为34.79、24.15和13.51,表明随着温度的升高,土壤对E1的吸附量显著降低;土壤对E1的吸附量在pH由3.0增至6.0时呈降低趋势,在pH>6.0～9.0时保持稳定,然后随着pH进一步升高(>9.0～11.0)而继续降低;土壤对E1的吸附量在离子强度由0.005mol/L升至0.1mol/L时显著升高,在离子强度>0.1mol/L时保持稳定;砂粒、粉粒和黏粒对E1的K_f分别为5.17、12.79和25.22,K_d分别为6.80、16.11和39.95,即随着土壤粒径的减小,对于E1的吸附作用显著增加.      

Sorption,cellular distribution,and cytotoxicity of imidazolium ionic liquids in mammalian cells – influence of lipophilicity

In order to assist an integrated development of ionic liquids (ILs), a study on the sorption, distribution, and cytotoxicity of a series of 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborates with C6 rat glioma cells has been performed. Cellular sorption and distribution among three cellular fractions (cytosol, nuclei, and membranes) were analysed by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Compounds with longer 1-alkyl substituents were sorbed with higher enrichment factors and sorption coefficients per protein than those with shorter 1-alkyl chains. The 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium cation (C₈MIM) was enriched 17-folds whereas C₆MIM and C₄MIM were enriched by factors of 3.5 and 2.3, respectively. After fractionation of cells by centrifugation, about 8% of C₈MIM was found in the nuclear fractions. The cytotoxicity as estimated by the tetrazolium reductase assay was increasing with the lengths of the 1-alkyl chains from C₄MIM to C₁₀MIM. Consistently, cell proliferation rates were decreasing with increasing lengths of the 1-alkyl chains. The results reveal the correlations between lipophilicity, cellular sorption, and cytotoxicity.     

拓展等效线图法评估离子液体与杀菌剂多果定之间的拮抗作用

等效线图法(isobologram)是评估化学混合物毒性相互作用的经典方法之一,然而该方法仅能评估混合物在某一特殊浓度效应水平(通常为50%的浓度效应水平,即EC50)的联合毒性作用情况。因此,拓展等效线图法并用于不同效应水平下混合物毒性的评估显得尤为必要。以杀菌剂多果定(Dod)和3种离子液体(ILs)包括溴化丁基吡啶([bpy]Br)、溴化己基吡啶([hpy]Br)和溴化辛基吡啶([opy]Br)为混合物组分,采用直线均分射线法设计3组二元混合物体系(Dod-[bpy]Br、Dod-[hpy]Br和Dod-[opy]Br)共15条射线,应用微板毒性分析法系统测定各污染物及其混合物射线对青海弧菌Q67(Vibro qinghaisiense sp. Q67,Q67)的毒性,应用拓展等效线图法分析15条混合物射线在5个不同效应水平(EC20、EC30、EC40、EC50和EC60)的毒性相互作用,并与经典等效线图法和浓度加和模型(CA)评估的结果进行比较。结果表明:以p EC50为毒性指标,3种吡啶ILs对Q67的毒性具有烷基链效应,即毒性大小顺序为Dod-[opy]BrDod-[hpy]BrDod-[bpy]Br; 3组二元混合物体系的15条射线的毒性,随农药Dod浓度比的减少而减弱;拓展等效线图法可以比较直观地表征3组Dod-ILs混合物体系在5个不同效应水平的拮抗作用,且拮抗作用强度随Dod浓度比的增加而变化,即先增强后减弱;拓展等效线图法可以有效地评估二元混合物在多个效应水平的联合毒性相互作用。     

土壤垂向异质性及离子强度对全氟辛酸在饱和农田土壤中运移行为的影响

全氟和多氟化合物（Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,PFASs）污染已对农田土壤-地下水环境构成严重威胁,掌握农田土壤中PFASs运移行为对准确评估其环境风险具有重要意义.本研究以全氟辛酸（Perfluorooctanoic Acid,PFOA）为代表性PFASs,选用南京市六合区水稻土为供试土壤,系统探究了土壤垂向异质性及离子强度对PFOA在不同深度农田土壤运移行为的影响.结果表明：土壤垂向异质性显著影响PFOA在不同深度饱和土壤中运移行为,土壤深度增加使PFOA运移迟滞性显著降低,原因是土壤有机质含量随深度增加而减小,PFOA与土壤间疏水作用减弱.离子强度增加导致PFOA运移阻滞性明显增强,这是由于高离子强度使土壤与PFOA间静电斥力减弱,PFOA在土壤表面吸附和解吸量均显著增加.此外,离子强度增加,上层土壤中PFOA阻滞变化程度显著大于下层土壤,表明离子强度对PFOA运移阻滞性的影响与土壤深度有关.因此,为准确预测和评估实际农田土壤中PFOA运移行为,必须考虑到土壤垂向异质性及离子强度的耦合影响.