化学沉淀-水解酸化-生物接触氧化-反渗透工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

研究了采用化学沉淀-水解酸化-生物接触氧化-反渗透组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳条件,在pH=9,n(Mg2+)∶n(NH4+)∶n(PO34-)=1.2∶1∶1.05,搅拌速率170r/min,搅拌时间21 min条件下进行化学沉淀法脱氮,水解酸化反应器内废水停留时间10 h,生物接触氧化反应器内废水停留时间12 h,...     

垃圾渗滤液有机物浓度预测模型的建立及应用

在分析垃圾渗滤液有机物浓度变化规律的基础上,建立垃圾渗滤液有机物浓度预测模型,并通过模拟填埋实验求出模型参数.该模型预测值与实测值之间具有接近90%的相关性,表明模型预测值基本上反映了实测值的变化规律.同时,将此模型应用到广西南宁市城南垃圾填埋场坝下区,对坝下区垃圾渗滤液有机物浓度变化规律进行预测.结果表明,坝下区垃圾...     

Delineating landfill leachate discharge to an arsenic contaminated waterway

Discharge of contaminated ground water may serve as a primary and on-going source of contamination to surface water. A field investigation was conducted at a Superfund site in Massachusetts, USA to define the locus of contaminant flux and support source identification for arsenic contamination in a pond abutting a closed landfill. Subsurface hydrology and ground-water chemistry were evaluated in the aquifer between the landfill and the pond during the period 2005-2009 employing a network of wells to delineate the spatial and temporal variability in subsurface conditions. These observations were compared with concurrent measures of ground-water seepage and surface water chemistry within a shallow cove that had a historical visual record of hydrous ferric oxide precipitation along with elevated arsenic concentrations in shallow sediments. Barium, presumably derived from materials disposed in the landfill, served as an indicator of leachate-impacted ground water discharging into the cove. Evaluation of the spatial distributions of seepage flux and the concentrations of barium, calcium, and ammonium-nitrogen indicated that the identified plume primarily discharged into the central portion of the cove. Comparison of the spatial distribution of chemical signatures at depth within the water column demonstrated that direct discharge of leachate-impacted ground water was the source of highest arsenic concentrations observed within the cove. These observations demonstrate that restoration of the impacted surface water body will necessitate control of leachate-impacted ground water that continues to discharge into the cove.     

改性矿化垃圾反应床处理填埋场渗滤液研究

在固液比(矿化垃圾与废水的质量比)为100,1,运行周期为3 h.水力负荷为0.08 m3/(m3·d)条件下,分别采用废铁屑、钢渣、蘑菇渣、秸秆作为改性材料进行矿化垃圾反应床处理填埋场渗滤液的工艺强化研究.结果表明,废铁屑对COD、色度、总氮和总磷的去除有显著的强化作用,COD、总氮和总磷去除率平均提高9.3%、17%和7.7%;钢渣不利于氨氮和总氮的去除,且需定期置换钢渣以维持其去除COD和总磷的强化作用;蘑菇渣和秸秆均需先进行合适的驯化降解处理,才能实现其去除COD、色度、氨氮和总氮的强化作用.从工程应用角度看,废铁屑是相对理想的一种改性材料.     

双波长紫外分光光度法测定渗滤液COD的研究

针对重铬酸钾法测定COD药剂耗费高、操作时间长、连续监测难、废液二次污染等问题,以垃圾渗滤液为例,阐述了双波长紫外分光光度法预测污水COD的操作方法及其消除悬浮物干扰的原理。结果表明,在水样悬浮物波动较大时,选取272 nm及550 nm的双波长预测模型较单波长预测模型和神经网络预测模型的预测结果更为准确。无需对水样进行任何化学预处理,不需过膜,便可消除悬浮物对测定结果的干扰,是一种准确、便捷的COD测定方法。     

Movement of a tritium plume in shallow groundwater at a legacy low-level radioactive waste disposal site in eastern Australia

Between 1960 and 1968 low-level radioactive waste was buried in a series of shallow trenches near the Lucas Heights facility, south of Sydney, Australia. Groundwater monitoring carried out since the mid 1970s indicates that with the exception of tritium, no radioactivity above typical background levels has been detected outside the immediate vicinity of the trenches. The maximum tritium level detected in groundwater was 390 kBq/L and the median value was 5400 Bq/L, decay corrected to the time of disposal. Since 1968, a plume of tritiated water has migrated from the disposal trenches and extends at least 100 m from the source area. Tritium in rainfall is negligible, however leachate from an adjacent landfill represents a significant additional tritium source. Study data indicate variation in concentration levels and plume distribution in response to wet and dry climatic periods and have been used to determine pathways for tritium migration through the subsurface.     

填埋气竖直井收集与渗滤液导排复合系统构造与施工技术

阐述了填埋气竖直井及渗滤液导排复合系统的构造及优势功能,分解了系统主要构造结构,主导排槽、支导排槽、竖直井、冷凝井等施工过程中的技术要点及参数控制,工程实践检验了系统的采气与导排效果,产生了较优的环境效益。     

2种UASB的ANAMMOX与反硝化协同作用对比研究

采用2套UASB-ANAMMOX反应器处理垃圾渗滤液,其中反应器2具有生物膜,对反应器在有机环境下的ANAMMOX与反硝化协同作用进行对比研究。在稳定期,反应器1和反应器2对氨氮、亚硝氮、TIN、COD的平均去除率分别为95.7%、95.9%、77.3%、70.3%和97.4%、96.4%、87.2%、74.8%。反应器1对TIN和COD最大容积去除率为112.2和107.7 g/(m3.d),反应器2对TIN和COD最大容积去除率为120.5和119.9 g/(m3.d)。结果表明,过高的负荷会对反应器产生抑制作用,且当抑制产生后协同作用难以恢复到原来水平。在厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同作用良好时,pH值和碱度均存在特征性变化。总体上,反应器2比反应器1具有更强的厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同作用和抗负荷冲击能力。     

颗粒污泥与絮状污泥处理垃圾渗滤液的耐盐性能比较

通过批次实验系统研究了好氧颗粒污泥和絮状污泥处理垃圾渗滤液时的耐盐性能。实验结果表明,进水含盐量小于10 000 mg/L时,实验所用好氧颗粒污泥和絮状污泥的有机物去除能力、沉降性能、污泥活性基本上不受进水含盐量变化的影响。当进水含盐量大于10 000 mg/L时,随着进水含盐量的增大,絮状污泥的污泥沉降指数(SVI)快速减小,污泥活性及去除有机物的能力下降;相比而言,好氧颗粒污泥沉降性能更为稳定,SVI基本维持在30 mL/g左右,污泥活性及去除有机物的能力缓慢下降。当进水含盐量重新降低时,好氧颗粒污泥沉降性能变化不大,污泥活性及去除有机物的能力恢复迅速;而絮状污泥沉降性能变差,污泥活性及去除有机物的能力仍受较大抑制。     

钻井固废渗滤液的处理研究

针对油气田钻井产生大量固体废物渗滤液的问题,利用化学混凝沉降+氧化还原法对固废渗滤液的处理进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:经过调整渗滤液pH值,加入聚合氯化铝铁及助凝剂PAM,进行絮凝沉降,再用芬顿试剂和氯酸钠氧化,可以处理高浓度废水,特别是对CODCr、色度等指标获得有效去除,达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级指标。