Metal Concentrations in Fish Species from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea

Samples of Mugil cephalus and Mullus barbatus were collected in the Northeast Mediterranean coast of Turkey the contents of cadmium, copper, iron, zinc and lead in the liver, gill and muscle tissues were determined by atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry.Except for lead, highest levels of each metal were found in the liver and this was followed by the gill and muscle in both species. Among the metals analyzed, Cu, Zn and Fe were the most abundant in the different tissues while Cd and Pb were the least abundant both in M. cephalus and M. barbatus. Seasonal changes in metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn) concentration were observed in the tissues of both species, but these seasonal variations may not influence consumption advisories. In general, the highest concentrations were detected for all metals in summer.     

磷对降低土壤中铅的生物有效性的X-衍射及电镜分析

通过盆栽实验,对不同磷化合物处理的铅污染土壤和植物分别进行X-衍射(XRD)、能谱扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)及能谱透射电镜(TEM-EDS)分析.结果显示,不同磷化合物处理土样的X-衍射图在0.288 nm、0.296 nm及0.321 nm处有明显衍射峰生成,以SSP5、HA5及HASSP2处理土样的X-衍射谱图中生成的衍射峰比较明显,而PR5处理的衍射峰相对较弱,其原因可能与磷矿粉的弱溶解特性有关.这显示了土壤经不同磷化合物处理后,土壤中新生成了较多的磷酸铅及Ca-Pb磷酸铅盐的沉淀,不同程度地降低了土壤中铅的迁移和转化特性.对植株根系的SEM分析结果表明,土壤中加入不同的磷化合物处理后,磷酸铅类化合物在植株根表细胞有明显的晶体沉淀物.对植物根细胞的透射电镜分析结果发现,在不同磷处理土壤中,铅以不同的磷酸盐化合物的形式沉淀在植物的细胞壁及细胞间隙,从而有效地阻止了铅离子向原生质细胞及植物中柱内的迁移,不同程度地降低了污染土壤中铅的蓄积毒性.     

示差脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定中药川附子痕量铅镉

本文报道了以ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４湿法消化、醋酸盐介质法差脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定中药川附子中的铅镉。样品中铅镉含量分别在０．２－０．４μｇ．ｇ＾－１、０．０３－０．１６μｇ．ｇ＾－１,回收率９０－１１０％。     

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DROUGHT PREDICTION TECHNIQUES FOR RESERVOIR OPERATION1

ABSTRACT: Predicting the likelihood of a drought markedly enhances the efficiency of reservoir operations. This study applies the kriging method and time series analysis to predict inflows to Shihmen Reservoir in northern Taiwan. A subsequent reservoir operation simulation is employed to determine the drought lead time (DLT), the time before the onset of a drought. A more efficient reservoir operational strategy can be established with the aid of DLT and the probability of successful drought prediction (P s). Simulation results of reservoir operation over a period of three decades demonstrate that, at one month DLT, the kriging approach achieves 0.86 of P s for moderate droughts and 0.94 of P s for severe droughts. The kriging approach generally outperformed the time series approach in terms of DLT, P s of drought prediction, and the number of correctly predicted drought events.     

不同浓度硒处理对彩叶草铅胁迫的EDXS和XRD分析

以彩叶草（ColeusblumeiBenth．）为材料,用营养液培养方法,研究了不同浓度硒（se）处理对浓度为1．0mmol·L-1Pb2＋胁迫下彩叶草根、叶的形貌变化及其组分形态等变化,从光谱学角度初步探讨了硒对重金属铅毒害的缓解机制。结果表明：铅胁迫下的彩叶草根系c、K、ca含量减少,O、Mg、Al、Si、Fe、Pb含量增加,叶片中的C、Mg、Al、si、K、Ca、Fe含量减少,O、Cl含量增加。铅胁迫下硒处理的彩叶草根元素种类及其元素含量均发生了明显变化;根中晶体情况及其晶相也发生了相应变化。     

双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量铜、铅和镉

用双硫腙－醋酸丁酯萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中痕量Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ。试验选定了测定条件,结果表明,在弱碱性介质中,能同时定量萃取Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ。方法的相对标准偏差〈３％。加标回收率９２％－１０２％,检出限分别为Ｃｕ０．０６,Ｐｂ０．１４,Ｃｄ０．００２。本法操作简便,快速,已应用于海水中Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ的分析,取得令人满意的结果。     

DBS-偶氮氯膦分光光度法测定铅的研究

为了克服用双硫腙比色法测环境样品中铅的选择性差和条件要求严等缺点,研究了铅与ＤＢＳ－偶氮氯膦的显色反应,并提出了用分光光度测定铅的新方法,在稀盐酸介质中,铅与ＤＢＳ－偶氮氯膦形成１：２的蓝色配合物,最大吸收波长位于６３５ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数为４．７×１０＾４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１,铅量在０－２５μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律。     

Health implication among occupational exposed workers in a chromium alloy factory, Thailand

IntroductionNationalStatisticalOffice ,Thailand (NSO ,2 0 0 0 )reportedthattheneedformetalmanufacturingindustriesandassociatedproductionsectorhasincreasedatanextremelyrapidrate ,especiallyinthecentralpartofThailand .Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan 10 0 …     

Benzene and lead exposure assessment among occupational bus drivers in Bangkok traffic

IntroductionAirpollutionproblemsasaresultoffastgrowthinthetotalnumberofvehiclesinurbancitiesareontheincrease .PreliminaryepidemiologicalexposureassessmentsuggestthatthedetrimentaleffectofairpollutiongeneratedbyvehiculartrafficindevelopingcitieslikeBangkok…     

HW型高分子捕集剂处理含铅铜废水

采用聚丙烯酰胺、NH：OH·HCI和NaOH反应合成了HW型高分子捕集剂（简称捕集剂），考察了捕集剂对Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为100mg／L的废水的处理效果。研究结果表明：在含Ph^2＋废水pH为6．5～7．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋）：1．6、反应时间为50min的最佳条件下，Ph^2＋去除率达100．00％；在含Cu^2＋废水pH为5．5～6．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Cu^2＋）=1．0、反应时间为60min的最佳条件下，Cu^2＋去除率达99．73％。对Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为50mg／L的混合废水，n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋＋Cu^2＋）=1．2时，对Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋的去除率均达到99％以上。捕集剂去除pb^2＋，Cu^2＋的机理为羟肟酸基团与Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋反应生成稳定的螯合物。与中和法沉淀物相比，捕集剂与Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋反应生成的螯合物的Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋浸出量小，具有更好的环境安全性。