铜陵铜矿尾矿的不良特性对植被重建的影响与治理对策

铜矿尾矿库是人为造成的类似沙漠化的景观,它占用土地并带来严重的环境问题,而植被重建是恢复矿区生态系统的主要措施。本文分析了铜陵铜矿尾矿的不良特性对植被重建的影响,提出了相应的治理对策     

壳聚糖乙酸酯冠醚对金属离子的吸附性能研究

利用壳聚糖Ｃ２位上活泼氨基与苯甲醛进行反应,制得了Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱苯甲醛壳聚糖（简称ＣＴＢ）,再将合成的二苯并１６－冠－５氯代乙酸酯冠醚接枝到ＣＴＢ上,得到壳聚糖－苯并１６－冠－５乙酸酯冠醚（简称ＴＣＢＣ）,使其在酸性条件下脱去苯甲醛,制得壳聚糖－二苯并１６－冠－５－乙酸酯冠醚（简称ＣＴＣＥ）。经元素分析、红外光谱分析表征了其结构。并研究了ＣＴＢＣ和ＣＴＣＥ对Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｎｉ     

Isopropyl (Z9)-hexadecenoate as a male attractant pheromone from the sternal gland of the rove beetle Aleochara curtala (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Summary. In the rove beetle Aleochara curtula, a male specific sternal gland is described. Isopropyl (Z9)-hexadecenoate has been identified by GC/MS of surface and sternal gland extracts as a male specific compound. Its emission in the air was demonstrated by closed-loopstripping-analyses. In field experiments, conspecific males and females were attracted by the odor of carrion, caged males from laboratory cultures, and by the synthetic ester. Isopropyl (Z9)-hexadecenoate or live males, combined with fresh carrion attract more beetles than a fresh carcass alone. Isopropyl hexadecanoate as a minor compound was not attractive. The term “aggregation” pheromone and the ecological significance of attracting females to a fresh carcass allowing early copulation and egg-deposition are discussed. Received 20 August 1998; accepted 15 January 1999.     

具脂肪酶和酯酶活性酵母菌的

从济南市区得到的含油土壤中筛选得到一株酵母S     

大洋锰结核在环境污染治理方面的应用

大洋锰结核能够有效分解转化气体污染物(如CO、CH、VOC、NOx、SO2);能够吸附水体中的Cu、CO、Ni、Mn、Zn、Cr、Hg、Pb、As等重金属阳离子和PO4^3-、SeO3^2-等阴离子;可做生物固定化载体除去水体中的有机污染物。大洋锰结核具有良好的环境矿物学属性,是一种理想的环境矿物材料,为环境治理提供了新的方向。     

纳米材料对生物体的毒性研究

运用Einstein第一扩散公式和沉降公式,半定量、定量地说明纳米粒子沉降速度大约是微米粒子的千万分之一,更易悬浮在大气和溶液中,被生物体通过呼吸系统和循环系统所吸收;运用范德华力引起的相互作用势能公式,半定量地说明纳米粒子比微米粒子更容易吸附和团聚,通过大气中粒子转化、水体及土壤中的迁移传播等途径,由食物链富集到生物体内。可见,纳米粒子要比微米粒子的毒性更加严重,更能影响生物体的健康。同时,从纳米材料毒性影响因素对生物体的作用上看,纳米粒子也是严重影响着生物体的健康,给生物体带来极大的危害,并根据纳米材料的毒性研究结果为今后纳米技术的良性发展提出了新的方向。     

基于Meta分析的煤矿区植被恢复对土壤有机碳储量的影响

煤矿开采是全世界应对不断增加的能源需求的主要手段.但随着煤矿开采,区域生态系统遭到不同程度的破坏,导致“碳汇”能力下降.植被恢复是矿区退化的生态系统和固碳功能恢复的基础.然而,目前尚未对全球范围内煤矿区植被恢复对土壤有机碳（SOC）的影响进行系统研究,因此无法准确预测全球SOC库对植被恢复的响应.通过搜集同行评议的112篇文章中植被恢复的土壤理化性质,以评估煤矿区植被恢复类型、土壤深度、恢复年份、年均温、年降水量和海拔等对SOC的影响,并明确相关的关键驱动因素.结果表明,受损煤矿区通过植被恢复能够显著改善土壤的理化性质,植被恢复后土壤相较于未恢复或自然恢复SOC储量提升了39.02%.当不考虑环境因素时,利于SOC储量积累的植被恢复类型为：农田>林地>草地>灌木林.4种类型的植被恢复对表层（0~20 cm）SOC储量均得到显著增加,草地和灌木能显著增加深层（>40 cm）的SOC储量,而林地和农田类型下深层的SOC储量与未恢复或自然恢复后的SOC储量无显著差异.植被恢复后SOC储量的增加趋势会随着土壤深度的增加而降低.具体的植被恢复策略应根据气候条件选择合适的植被类型.受损煤矿区在年均温<0℃和年均降水<500 mm的环境下,固碳效应较高的植被恢复类型为草地和灌木林,而在年均温>15℃和年降水量>800 mm的环境下,林地和农田恢复类型能够更好地增加SOC储量.TN、BD、AN和AK是影响土壤固碳能力的主要因素.研究可为量化受损煤矿区不同植被恢复措施的固碳效果和退化生态系统的恢复与重建提供理论参考.     

高层隔震结构非线性地震响应分析及设计方法研究

高层隔震结构的分析理论和设计方法是目前隔震技术向高层建筑推广的2个关键理论问题。本文以高烈度区宿迁市已经竣工的高层隔震建筑阳光大厦为工程实例,对高层隔震结构的非线性地震响应分析方法进行了研究,包括隔震支座竖向不同拉压刚度的模拟、各种类型的隔震支座水平力学特性的准确模拟,以及不同地震动输入方式和输入角度对隔震支座受拉情况的影响分析等;在此基础上,对隔震层的设计方法进行了分析,提出了隔震层设计的基本原则,进而给出了控制隔震层设计的基本指标,包括隔震支座的长期面压、极值面压、隔震层偏心率等;最后,对高层隔震结构的相关构造要求进行了必要的说明。     

Mechanical Performance and Design Criteria of Biodegradable Low-tunnel Films

The overall mechanical behaviour of a series of experimental Mater-Bi made thin low-tunnel films is analysed with respect to the effect of two major factors: the film processing optimisation during manufacturing and the design of the low-tunnels structural system. The analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the biodegradable low-tunnel films, based on the results of extensive full-scale and small-scale experiments, combined with laboratory testing of the mechanical properties of the film, proves that a rather good mechanical behaviour is possible for these films, comparable to the behaviour of conventional agricultural films in terms of strength, provided that two criteria are met: (a) the low tunnel structural design is based on the initial stress at yield value of the film, which represents the asymptotic value of the tensile strength of the film, following its evolution with the time of exposure to real field conditions; (b) the processing of the film is optimised for the particular biodegradable material and film thickness under consideration. It is also confirmed that the stabilisation schemes used with conventional polyethylene films are not suitable for the biodegradable films.