Contamination and vertical distribution of As,Cd, Cr,Cu, Pb,Tl, and Zn in paddy soil irrigated with untreated leachate from tailings retention ponds

The contamination and vertical distribution of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Tl, and Zn in paddy soil irrigated with untreated leachate from the tailings retention pond were investigated. As, Cr, Cu, and Zn were slightly contaminated in the surface soil and hence their vertical distribution was not obvious. However, Cd and Pb were highly contaminated in the surface soil, while their concentrations decreased with depth, being negatively correlated with pH and positively with total organic matter. Tl was considerably contaminated in the surface soil and a V-shaped vertical distribution was observed where the concentration increased to a maximum at about 30 cm depth and decreased thereafter. The findings revealed that the regular irrigation with untreated leachate from the tailings retention ponds could cause considerable contamination of Cd, Pb, and Tl, and thus tailings should be stringently treated before disposal to minimize their potential environmental impacts on the surroundings.     

CFD-based assessment and visualization of the failure consequences of LPG tankers

This paper presents a simulation analysis of the explosions following an LPG leak and visualizes the consequences of the accident to reduce the consequences of the LPG leak explosion. Firstly, this paper proposes a CFD numerical simulation-based method for visualizing the consequences of LPG tanker failure. The method combines satellite maps and CFD numerical simulation data to visualize the consequences of LPG leaks and explosions, taking into account the influence of obstacles on the danger range of leaks and explosions; Secondly, this paper applies the method to a liquefied petroleum gas accident that occurred in the Wenling section of the Shenhai Expressway and performs CFD numerical simulation on the accident process and visualizes the consequences of the accident. Therefore, this method can provide a theoretical reference for the prior prevention of LPG accidents and the analysis of the consequences of accidents, as well as certain practical guidance instructive.     

Removal of Cr(VI) from Cr-contaminated groundwater through electrochemical addition of Fe(II)

The conventional chemical reduction-precipitation technique in the removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated groundwater involves a two-step process whereby Cr(VI) is first reduced to Cr(III) at an acidic pH by a reducing agent and in a subsequent step, Cr(III) is precipitated as insoluble hydroxide at an alkaline pH. In a variation of this method, Fe(II) is added electrochemically to the Cr(VI) containing water. From a pure iron electrode, Fe(2+) ions are released into the solution and bring forth the reduction of Cr(VI). At the cathode, H(2)O is reduced whereby the OH(-) ions entering the solution keep the pH of the solution in the alkaline range. This latter fact greatly facilitates simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and co-precipitation of hydroxides of trivalent Cr and Fe. On the basis of a set of experimental data, it is shown that this process is both thermodynamically and kinetically efficient, meaning, with the electrochemical method, rapid and nearly complete removal of Cr(VI) from a groundwater source with both high and low levels of Cr-contamination can be achieved. These factors make the electrochemical process superior to the conventional chemical process in remediation of Cr-contaminated groundwater.     

Respective contributions of point and non-point sources of E. coli and enterococci in a large urbanized watershed (the Seine river, France)

Because the large rivers of the Seine watershed have a low microbiological water quality, the main sources of fecal contamination were investigated in the present study. The inputs of the point (wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents) and non-point sources (surface runoff and soil leaching) of fecal bacteria were quantified for Escherichia coli and intestinal enteroccoci used as bacterial indicators. In order to assess the contamination through non-point sources, fecal indicators abundance was estimated in samples collected in small streams located in rural areas upstream from all point sources; these small rivers were characterized by the land use of their watershed. Bacterial indicator numbers were also measured in effluents of WWTPs, some using classical treatment (settling followed by activated sludge process) and some using an additional disinfection stage (UV irradiation). These data were used to estimate the respective importance of each type of source at the scale of the whole Seine river watershed taking into account the land use and the population density. It shows the predominant importance of the point sources of fecal indicator bacteria at the scale of the whole watershed. In a scenario in which activated sludge treatment would be complemented with UV in all WWTPs located in this watershed, the non-point sources of fecal indicator bacteria would be dominant.     

Antibiotics along an alpine river and in the receiving lake with a catchment dominated by grazing husbandry

The livestock breeding industries face overuse of antibiotics, which has been intensively studied in recent years. However, the occurrence and fate of antibiotics as well as their potential threats to the aquatic environments in alpine and arid regions remain unclear. This study investigated the relationship of the occurrence and concentrations of antibiotics between the Kaidu River and Bosten Lake in a typical alpine basin in China. Hot spots with antibiotic pollution source were explored. The antibiotic concentrations in river water and suspended sediment (SPS) were 2.20-99.4 ng/L and 1.03-176 ng/g. The dominant antibiotics were tetracyclines, sulphacetamide, and ofloxacin in river water and sulfonamides, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and ofloxacin in SPS. The apparent differences in pollution sources and landscapes in different reaches led to the obvious spatial patterns of antibiotics in the Kaidu River. Higher partition coefficient of antibiotic between SPS and water phases for sulfonamides than tetracyclines was because that tetracyclines strongly responded to clay contents while sulfonamides significantly responded to organic carbon contents in SPS. There were significant differences in detected antibiotic categories between the river and the lake. Fluoroquinolones (especially ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) were detected in the lake while sulphacetamide was only detected in the river. Therefore, the surrounding husbandry and aquaculture around the Bosten Lake was an important antibiotic pollution source in addition to inputs from the Kaidu River. This research suggested that alpine lakes could be an important sink of antibiotics in alpine dry regions, and thus impose greater threats to the aquatic ecosystem.     

液化石油气槽车泄漏处置专用接头套组的应用探讨

针对消防救援车辆缺乏专业堵漏和倒罐装备、应急处置受限等问题,研究采用专用注压接头套组与消防车配合,通过向事故槽车阀门注水加压或惰性气体的方式实施辅助堵漏,能够实现因地制宜、快速有效地解决现场液化石油气大量泄漏的问题,降低事故危害。     

河北省某大型焦化厂地下水中多环芳烃的污染特点、源解析及生态风险评价

为研究焦化厂地下水中美国EPA优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特点和污染来源,本研究联合使用统计技术、正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)模型和风险商值法,深入分析了焦化厂地下水中PAHs的分布规律,定量解析了PAHs的污染来源,并且对其生态风险进行了科学评价.结果表明,焦化厂地下水中16种PAHs的总检出率较高,达到46.7%.地下水中∑₁₆PAHs的浓度范围是n.d.～444.9μg·L^-1,均值为1.88μg·L^-1.不同生产车间地下水中PAHs的浓度存在明显差异,其中污染最重的车间位于焦油精制区,地下水中∑₁₆PAHs的浓度为444.92μg·L^-1.应用PMF源解析模型,识别出该焦化厂地下水中PAHs有二类污染源：一是石油的燃烧源,二是煤和生物质燃烧以及石油类的泄漏,二种污染源对焦化厂地下水中PAHs的贡献率分别为38.6%和61.4%.焦化厂地下水中∑₁₆PAHs处在高生态风险等级,且有53.4%的地下水采样点单体PAHs的生态风险处在高风险等...     

小麦秸秆生物炭对石油烃污染土壤的修复作用

以小麦秸秆为原材料,在300℃下缺氧裂解3、6、8 h制备生物炭,比较了3种生物炭的产率、pH值、灰分以及C、H、N元素含量,表征了300℃、6 h生物炭的表面形态,并用其作为修复材料,对大港油田的石油污染土壤进行修复。结果表明,随裂解时间的延长,生物炭产率下降,pH值升高,灰分含量增加,H/C值下降,但产率、pH值、灰分和H/C值都是从3h到6h差异显著,6h到8h差异不显著。C元素含量先升高后下降。石油污染土壤经生物炭修复14 d和28 d后,总石油烃降解率分别为45.48％和46.88％,均显著高于对照组。修复14 d后土壤中的萘、苊、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘也都有不同程度的下降,其中苯并[a]芘含量下降幅度达98.18％,其他几种PAH的降解率也都高于对照组,28 d后这些PAH的含量又有上升趋势。这说明小麦秸秆裂解时间对生物炭的性质有影响;300℃、6 h生物炭可以用来修复石油污染的土壤。     

中原油田石油污染土壤原位生物修复技术实验研究

通过实验室选择性富集培养,从中原油田石油污染土壤中获得了能以中原原油为碳源快速生长的石油降解菌群。结合黑麦草（Ryegrass）和苜蓿（Alfalfa）,采用该降解菌群对原油污染土壤进行了原位生物联合修复实验。接入降解菌的实验区分种植黑麦草、种植苜蓿、未种植区,另设黑麦草区和空白区。经过99 d的生物修复,石油烃累计降...