甲醛缓冲溶液吸收-盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定大气中二氧化硫要注意的问题

对甲醛缓冲溶液吸收-盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定大气中二氧化硫的过程中应注意的问题进行了归纳总结,以提高测定结果的准确性。     

小波奇异性在地震信号去噪中的应用

论文介绍了地震信号的去噪过程中,利用小波良好的时频局部化能力和多分辨率分析能力,对信号进行变换,利用变换后的幅值极大点检测出信号的奇异点(突变点,包含了震相和噪声),继而利用在不同的变换尺度下,震相信号和噪声模极大值的变化特征的不同来去除噪声.利用我台的地震信号进行验证,该方法去噪后震相更清晰,震相的标注信度更高.     

不同时刻污染减排对北京市PM2.5浓度的影响

利用空气质量模式Model-3/CMAQ及京津冀地区高分辨率排放源清单,针对有代表性的污染时段(2012年2月7~16日),设置了5种不同时刻的减排方案(在污染峰值提前4d、提前3d、提前2d、提前1d及当天减排),对比在同样的减排比例下,不同时刻开始减排的效果差异.研究发现,提前采取减排控制措施比污染峰值当天开始减排对降低PM2.5浓度的影响更为明显,而且提前采取应急减排的时间越早,PM2.5浓度下降越明显.提前1d、2d、3d减排海淀站和城六区峰值浓度下降率分别为23%和22%、31%和30%、39%和38%,均明显高于当天减排的峰值浓度下降率10%和9%.但随着提前天数的增加,PM2.5峰值浓度进一步下降的幅度越来越小,减排效益较之前显著降低.提前4d减排海淀站和城六区峰值浓度下降率分别为40%和39%,提前4d减排和提前3d减排对降低污染峰值日PM2.5浓度的效果已没有太大差别.同时针对另一个污染时段(2012年1月11~20日)进行了相似的敏感性试验,得出了类似的结论.因此,针对某些污染事件的应急减排,综合考虑减排成本和减排效果,根据气象条件的预报,在可能引起重污染事件的不利气象条件来临时提前2~3d采取减排措施效果最好,既能有效降低PM2.5浓度,也可以避免因盲目长时间减排造成的成本过大.     

保护层开采被保护层膨胀变形分析方法

基于传统的膨胀变形特征分析多是对被保护层在法线方向上通过测量两个定点 的距离变化来表征,这种从“两个定点”距离变化角度分析膨胀变形的方法只考虑被保 护层在法线方向上的变形特征,不能反应出被保护层的横向变形。针对计算结果不能全 面、准确的反应煤岩体的膨胀变形特征问题,首次提出了保护层开采过程中被保护层膨 胀变形的“四个定点围域面积”分析方法,该方法通过面积膨胀变化分析被保护层膨胀 变形特征。研究分析了在开采实践和实验室中“四个定点围域面积”的监测方案、面积 分析计算方法和“四个定点围域面积”的合理尺度。以沙曲矿多煤层开采相似模拟为背 景,分析了不同尺度下“四个定点围域面积”分析法的精度。研究表明,“四个定点围 域面积”分析方法较“两个定点”分析方法精度更高,被保护层厚度1倍尺度围域内划 分的面积单元格越多,膨胀变形计算精度越高。     

石油行业安全生产标准化建设要点研究

为了探究石油行业安全生产标准化建设过程中存在的普遍性问题,依据2014年全国183家石油行业安全生产标准化一级企业评审过程中的问题项及扣分情况,提炼出石油行业在领导责任和承诺、HSE方针、策划、组织机构、资源和文件、实施和运行、检查和管理评审共7个一级要素的问题项清单。通过实地调研和问卷数据处理,最终得到石油行业安全生产标准化建设的要点清单,可为企业有针对性的安全检查和隐患整改提供依据。     

Q型类聚法在海域监测站位优化中的应用——以辽东湾为例

站位布设是海域环境监测工作的一个重要技术部分,是获取有代表性监测数据,为环境管理服务的重要环节。为了最高效地布设采样点,结合辽东湾的实例,利用Q型类聚法优化了研究区域的监测点位,由原来的29个水质采样点优化到22个代表站位,优化后的站位所表征的环境质量,与近岸海域环境质量等效,并比原常规监测站位更具有代表性。在提高采样效率的同时节约了监测成本。因此,研究近岸海域环境监测站位优化具有十分重要的现实意义。     

A Water Quality Monitoring Network Design Methodology for the Selection of Critical Sampling Points: Part I

The principal instrument to temporally and spatially manage water resources is a water quality monitoring network. However, to date in most cases, there is a clear absence of a concise strategy or methodology for designing monitoring networks, especially when deciding upon the placement of sampling stations. Since water quality monitoring networks can be quite costly, it is very important to properly design the monitoring network so that maximum information extraction can be accomplished, which in turn is vital when informing decision-makers. This paper presents the development of a methodology for identifying the critical sampling locations within a watershed. Hence, it embodies the spatial component in the design of a water quality monitoring network by designating the critical stream locations that should ideally be sampled. For illustration purposes, the methodology focuses on a single contaminant, namely total phosphorus, and is applicable to small, upland, predominantly agricultural-forested watersheds. It takes a number of hydrologic, topographic, soils, vegetative, and land use factors into account. In addition, it includes an economic as well as logistical component in order to approximate the number of sampling points required for a given budget and to only consider the logistically accessible stream reaches in the analysis, respectively. The methodology utilizes a geographic information system (GIS), hydrologic simulation model, and fuzzy logic.     

输变电环境影响评价及竣工环保验收相关要点分析

通过输变电环境影响评价及竣工环保验收工作的实践,从输变电环境影响评价及竣工环保验收的基本概念和相关法律、法规出发,分析了输变电环境影响评价及竣工环保验收工作的要点,包括敏感目标调查、生态环境影响评价与监测、声环境评价重点、公众参与等,在此基础上论述了两者之间的相互关系,最后针对输变电环境影响评价及竣工环保验收工作更加科学化提出了建议。     

医务人员职业健康危害及其关键控制环节

通过查阅、分析大量文献,结合实际工作经验,系统阐述了医务人员面临的主要职业危害因素,并针对我国医务人员职业危害现状和防治工作中存在的主要问题,提出防治关键环节和措施。分析表明:我国医务人员职业暴露危害严重;医务人员的生命质量和平均寿命低于普通人群;医院职业卫生立法和技术标准滞后;防治措施不力,医务人员职业健康权益得不到有效保护。同时指出对医务人员职业危害防治的关键措施:必须通过加强科学研究、制定法规标准、建设医院安全文化、加强宣传教育和培训、推广免疫接种和防护技术、科学设计工作流程、加强心理疏导等关键措施,有效防治医务人员职业健康危害。     

A Stochastic Modeling Approach to Address Hydrogeologic Uncertainties in Modeling Wellhead Protection Boundaries in Karst Aquifers1

Abstract: Development of any numerical ground‐water model is dependent on hydrogeologic data describing the subsurface. These data are obtained from geologic core analyses, stratigraphic analyses, aquifer performance tests, and geophysical studies. But typically in remote areas, these types of data are very sparse and site‐specific in terms of the aerial extent of the resource to be modeled. Uncertainties exist as to how well the available data from a few locations defines a heterogeneous surficial aquifer such as the Biscayne Aquifer in Miami‐Dade County, Florida. This is particularly the case when an exceptionally conductive horizontal flow zone is detected at one site due to specialized testing that was not historically conducted at the other at sites that provided data for the model. Not adequately accounting for the potential effect of the high flow zone in the aquifer within a ground‐water numerical model, even though the zone may be of very limited thickness, might underpredict the well field protection capture boundaries. Applied Stochastic ground‐water modeling in determining well field protection zones is steadily becoming important in addressing the uncertainty of the hydrogeologic subsurface parameters, specifically in karstic heterogeneous aquifers. This is particularly important in addressing the uncertainty of a 60‐day travel time capture zone in the Northwest Well Field, Miami‐Dade County, where a predominantly high flow zone controls much of the flow in the production wells. A stochastic ground‐water modeling application along with combination of pilot points and regularization technique is presented to further consolidate the uncertainty of the subsurface.