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31.
ABSTRACT: Findings of a national survey of the Corps of Engineers construction work force are presented. The purpose of the survey was to obtain information about the construction work force for use in estimating the demand on local community services associated with building Corps projects. Information on numbers of workers and dependents in-migrating to construction sites, the residential location preferences and commuting patterns of this group, and the intentions of this group to remain in local areas after project construction is presented in this paper. An example showing how this information can be used in a community service impact assessment is provided.  相似文献   
32.
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting the environment and conservation research in fundamental ways. Many conservation social scientists are now administering survey questionnaires online, but they must do so while ensuring rigor in data collection. Further, they must address a suite of unique challenges, such as the increasing use of mobile devices by participants and avoiding bots or other survey fraud. We reviewed recent literature on online survey methods to examine the state of the field related to online data collection and dissemination. We illustrate the review with examples of key methodological decisions made during a recent national study of people who feed wild birds, in which survey respondents were recruited through an online panel and a sample generated via a project participant list. Conducting surveys online affords new opportunities for participant recruitment, design, and pilot testing. For instance, online survey panels can provide quick access to large and diverse samples of people. Based on the literature review and our own experiences, we suggest that to ensure high-quality online surveys one should account for potential sampling and nonresponse error, design survey instruments for use on multiple devices, test the instrument, and use multiple protocols to identify data quality problems. We also suggest that research funders, journal editors, and policy makers can all play a role in ensuring high-quality survey data are used to inform effective conservation programs and policies.  相似文献   
33.
Introduction. Paramedics are at risk of occupational blood exposure, increased by the immediacy of provided treatment. However, the issue has not been acknowledged to date by any research in Europe. Methods. This research aimed at assessing occupational blood exposure among paramedics in Poland. Respondents represented 21 Polish medical institutions. Their participation was voluntary and anonymous. Paramedics were provided with a self-directed job-specific questionnaire adapted to Polish conditions from an original US version. Results. 118 paramedics participated in the study from institutions constituting the National Emergency Medical System in Poland; including ambulance crews, Helicopter Emergency Medical Services and emergency department employees. Occupational exposure was reported by 18.64% of respondents and the main route of exposure was needlestick events. Conclusions. There is a further need to improve education among paramedics concerning the threat of being infected with blood-borne pathogens through all existing routes. Our findings point to the problem as being hidden and considered a shameful issue.  相似文献   
34.
Abstract

Objective: Recent news reports in 2016 indicated that across Miami–Dade County, Florida, driving under the influence (DUI) arrests have decreased substantially. The objective of this research was to determine the reasons for the decline in DUI arrests from 2009 to 2016. Are there fewer impaired drivers on the roads? Can DUI enforcement and prosecution be improved?

Methods: The following methods were used in this study: (1) Analysis of existing DUI arrest and crash data; (2) conducting and analysis of a telephone survey of reported knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning impaired driving; (3) conducting and analysis of roadside surveys on the roads on weekend nights in Miami–Dade County; (4) information from focus group discussions with police and prosecutors in Miami–Dade County; and (5) a comprehensive review of the best DUI prevention practices and enforcement strategies used across the country.

Results: DUI arrests decreased 64% in Miami–Dade County between 2009 and 2016. This was a significantly larger decrease than has occurred in the State of Florida as a whole (34%) and in the United States (29%) over the same time period. The decline was not due to any decline in DUI behavior in the county.

Conclusions: Based upon the data and information gathered in this project, the following actions were recommended for Miami–Dade County: (1) County police chiefs need to find ways to overcome law enforcement apathy toward DUI enforcement and persuade their traffic enforcement officers to be proactive rather than reactive when it comes to identifying and making impaired driving stops. (2) County police agencies should join forces to conduct more sobriety checkpoints. Checkpoints are safer for both the police and the drivers going through them and serve as a general deterrent to impaired driving. (3) An interagency DUI task force or team of 5 to 7 officers should be established within the county. These officers would be solely dedicated to DUI enforcement and paid for by each individual agency or under a grant from the state or federal government.  相似文献   
35.
企业员工的安全感直接影响着员工安全行为的改变,在当前更加注重员工个体安全的形势下,更有必要对员工安全感影响因素进行研究。本文在国内外相关文献的研究基础上,从安全文化渗透力和安全生产标准制度执行力两个方面入手,设计了企业员工安全感调查问卷,并使用SPSS统计软件对调查问卷的有效度和可信度进行评价,通过对调查问卷的各题项进行修整,剔除了异常题项,完善了安全知识和经验的积累这一影响因素,从而设计了一套较为科学有效的企业员工安全感的调查问卷,以为衡量企业员工安全感提供理论依据。  相似文献   
36.
山西省城市环境质量状况虽有了较大的改善,但任务仍十分艰巨,保护当地的环境资源改善人们的环境生存状况是当前的重要任务之一。本研究通过问卷调查的形式,从环境认知、环境意向、环境行为等方面,调查了解山西省城市居民的环境意识现状及存在的主要问题,并在此基础上进行了深入的分析,提出了提高居民环境意识,促进环境质量改善的建议。  相似文献   
37.
首先对北京市居民每年购买新衣服的数量、支出、穿着时间、淘汰原因,以及闲置衣服的处理方式、数量等进行了调查与分析,然后对北京市居民对旧衣物回收利用的认识、回收形式及其处理方式,对旧衣物如何处理回收、再利用的担忧,对希望旧衣物回收箱摆放的场所等进行了调查与分析。其研究结果对废旧纺织品回收体系建设、制度及政策制定具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   
38.
煤矿特种作业人员岗位安全胜任力模型研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
针对某些矿工个人具有事故倾向性现象,提出建立矿工安全胜任力模型,以加强矿工安全管理.笔者首先在对矿难人因事故报告材料分析基础上,从中发现特种作业人员应该具备的关键行为和素质,同时通过对煤矿企业特种作业人员访谈,最终设计煤矿特种作业人员岗位安全胜任力调查问卷,通过初试后的问卷项目内容分析、项目关键程度分析、探索性因子分析,形成特种作业人员岗位安全胜任力正式调查问卷.由正武调查获取数据,通过信效度分析,获得使煤矿特种作业人员表现出高安全绩效的关键素质和行为特征,构建煤矿特种作业人员岗位安全胜任力模型,安全胜任力包括安全责任意识、应急处理能力、隐患识别能力和自制力.  相似文献   
39.
Chronic oil pollution by illegal oil dumping in the North Sea is difficult to quantify. Beached, oil-contaminated sea birds, however, may be used as an indirect indicator. Reconstructing the drift of oil slicks and sea bird corpses in the southern North Sea for the period 1992-2003 by means of a two-dimensional numerical transport model driven by re-analysed weather data, we show with an example of two common sea bird species that the variability observed within the number of corpses registered during beached bird surveys for the German coast primarily reflects the inter-annual variability of prevailing weather conditions. This should be taken into account when interpreting the data. We propose normalisation of beached bird survey data based on numerical drift simulations to improve the recognition of trends in the level of chronic oil pollution.  相似文献   
40.
Diffusion of VOC from cylindrical vadose zone domains contaminatedwith distributed nonaqueous phase liquid is examined in the steadystate approximation. The effects of first-order biodegradation and ofan extended underlying pool of LNAPL floating on the water table belowthe cylindrical domain are explored by means of an orthogonal functionsapproach. The distribution of VOC in the vadose zone above a floatingcircular LNAPL pool of finite size is explored by a numerical method.The results provide information useful in estimating the spacing anddepth at which soil gas samples should be taken in order to detect thepresence of such source areas. Comparison of model results with soilgas VOC measurements at various depths also provides insight into theextent to which natural biodegradation of the VOCs is taking place.  相似文献   
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