Environmental chamber study of the photochemical reaction of ethyl methyl sulfide and Nox

A series of experiments were conducted in a self-made smog chamber at 300 ± 1 K and 1.01×105 Pa to simulate the photochemical reaction of ethyl methyl sulfide (EMS) and NOx. The results show that the higher the initial concentration of EMS, the more ozone is generated in the simulative reactions. It is found that the light intensity plays a very important role in the evaluation of ozone formation potential for EMS. The parameters of d(O3-NO) and IR (incremental reactivity) were used to quantify the potential of EMS on ozone formation. The obtained maximum IR values in this paper for the five simulative reactions were 1.55×10-2, 0.99×10-2, 1.36×10-2, 2.47×10-2, and 1.65×10-2, respectively. Comparison between the results we obtained here and the results we obtained before for di-tert-butyl peroxide and acetylene was made and it showed that the potential reactivity of EMS on ozone formation is at a relatively low level.     

上海市青浦区大气挥发性有机化合物的特征

在2012年11~12月和2014年5~10月对上海市青浦区大气中58个VOCs物种进行了连续监测.结果表明,青浦区VOCs总体浓度水平较低,烷烃是其中含量最高的物种,百分含量为41.64%,其次为芳香烃25.66%、烯烃15.21%、乙炔7.71%.总VOCs的月变化特征表现为11月最高,10月最低;日变化特征表现为明显的双峰分布.通过OH消耗速率和臭氧生成潜势(OFP)计算,评估了VOCs的化学反应活性.结果表明,上海市青浦区大气VOCs的化学反应活性较强,且与VOCs浓度具有良好的一致性.OH消耗速率贡献最大的物种是烯烃56.92%和芳香烃45.24%,OFP贡献最大的物种是烯烃29.19%和芳香烃40.82%;对臭氧生成贡献最大的关键活性物种是乙烯、异戊二烯、甲苯、间/对二甲苯及丙烯等物质.利用化学质量平衡(CMB)模型分析了VOCs的来源,结果显示,上海市青浦区大气中VOCs主要有6个来源,分别是汽车尾气排放、LPG泄漏、涂料和溶剂挥发、植物排放、生物质燃烧、工业排放,其贡献率分别为43%、5%、16%、3%、14%、7%.     

应用OBM模型研究广州臭氧的生成过程

应用基于观测的模型(OBM)研究了广州及其周边地区2000年夏、秋季臭氧生成过程的相对敏感性.在分析2000年7,11月广州市环境保护研究所及其下风向的花都和新垦地区臭氧及其前体物浓度变化和相互关系基础上,应用OBM模型对上述地点的光化学反应过程进行了初步的模拟分析,以讨论这一地区的光化学反应类型.研究表明:7月广州市环境保护研究所RIR(AHC)>RIR(NO),臭氧生成处于VOC控制,下风向的花都RIR(NO)>RIR(AHC),臭氧生成处于NO_x控制;11月广州市环境保护研究所RIR(AHC)>RIR(NO),臭氧生成处于VOC控制,下风向的新垦RIR(NO)>RIR(AHC),臭氧生成处于NO_x控制.该模拟结果与该地区的相关空气质量模型研究结果具有可比性.      

杭州COVID-19期间大气VOCs体积分数变化特征

2019年12月1日至2020年3月31日新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)期间,采用Syntech Spectras GC955在线气相色谱仪对杭州市大气环境中挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了在线连续监测,分析了 VOCs的组成特征、日变化规律和大气化学反应活性.结果表明,不同站点疫情前φ(总VOCs)均最高,一级响...     

末端治理对工业涂装行业VOCs排放的影响

选取河北省4类典型工业涂装行业开展车间与末端排口VOCs样品采集,检测分析了102种VOCs组分,获得了4类行业车间与排口处VOCs排放特征.结果表明,不同行业由于涂料类型、使用量等因素影响,VOCs排放浓度存在较大差异;芳香烃与含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)是家具制造、车辆制造与专用设备制造行业的主要组分,占比分别为...     

湿式烟气脱硫中石灰石反应活性

在分析选自国内不同地区天然石灰石化学组成的基础上,对具有不同CaCO₃含量的石灰石进行了孔结构表征,并采用硫酸滴定法和气液吸收法,考察了石灰石的脱硫反应活性.结果表明,石灰石的比表面都在1.8m²/g左右.投加硫酸溶液到石灰石浆液后,浆液pH迅速下降到最低值,随后回升.随着石灰石CaCO₃含量提高或粒径减小,pH回升速率增大.石灰石CaCO₃含量愈高或粒径愈小,气液吸收反应器出口检测到SO₂之前所经历的反应时间愈长,出口SO₂浓度上升愈快.硫酸滴定法与气液吸收法测得的石灰石反应活性具有相同的规律.与颗粒比表面相比,CaCO₃含量对脱硫反应活性的影响更大.当粒径较大时(<300～360目),粒径对石灰石脱硫反应活性的影响较大,反之较小.     

磷高效小麦基因型对不同磷肥效应的研究

温室条件下,利用盆栽试验研究石灰性土壤施用不同类型磷肥对小麦基因型生长发育的影响。结果表明,施用各种磷肥对不同小麦基因型皆有不同的增产效果,且不同磷效率小麦基因型间对磷肥类型的反应存在着明显差异。磷低效基因型与磷高效基因型不仅对水溶性磷肥（磷酸二铵、普钙）的增产效应有显著差异,而且对枸溶性（沉淀磷肥）和难溶性磷肥（磷矿粉）,磷高效基因型的产量也相对较高,如对沉淀磷肥８０－５５的子粒产量为４．８８ｇ     

Effects of fuel reactivity and injection timing on diesel engine combustion and emissions

Recent strategies for simultaneously reducing NOx and soot emissions have focused on achieving nearly premixed, low-temperature combustion (LTC) in diesel engines. A promising approach in this regard is to vary fuel reactivity in order to control the ignition delay and optimize the level of premixing and reduce emissions. The present study examines such a strategy by performing 3-D simulations in a single-cylinder of a diesel engine. Simulations employ the state-of-the-art two-phase models and a validated semi-detailed reaction mechanism. The fuel reactivity is varied by using a blend of n-heptane and iso-octane, which represent surrogates for gasoline and diesel fuels, respectively. Results indicate that the fuel reactivity strongly influences ignition delay and combustion phasing, whereas the start of injection (SOI) affects combustion phasing. As fuel reactivity is reduced, the ignition delay is increased and the combustion phasing is retarded. The longer ignition delay provides additional time for mixing, and reduces equivalence ratio stratification. Consequently, the premixed combustion is enhanced relative to diffusion combustion, and thus the soot emission is reduced. NO_x emission is also reduced due to reduced diffusion combustion and lower peak temperatures caused by delayed combustion phasing. An operability range is observed in terms of fuel reactivity and SOI, beyond which the mixture may not be sufficiently well mixed, or compression ignited. The study demonstrates the possibility of finding an optimum range of fuel reactivity, SOI, and EGR for significantly reducing engine out emissions for a given load and speed.     

成都市夏季大气挥发性有机物污染及其对二次有机气溶胶生成的贡献

于2014年7月8日至8月13日在成都市城区和工业区选取两个点位开展挥发性有机物(VOCs)样品采集工作,分析结果显示,成都市夏季城区大气中VOCs质量浓度在34.1~458.8μg/m3,平均值为(137.3±91.8)μg/m3;工业区大气中VOCs质量浓度在26.7~474.9μg/m3,平均值为(135.9±103.5)μg/m3。早高峰时段(7:00~10:00)两个点位VOCs的浓度水平均高于其他时段,说明VOCs浓度受机动车排放的影响较为明显。用·OH消耗速率和臭氧生成潜势评估VOCs大气化学反应活性,结果显示,芳香烃和烯烃是影响大气化学反应活性的关键组分。城区和工业区的二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的生成潜势分别为4.859、4.559μg/m3,芳香烃不仅是臭氧生成潜势的关键活性组分,同时也是SOA的重要前体物。     

Effects of atamp-charging coke making on strength and high temperature thermal properties of coke

The stamp-charging coke making process has some advantages of improving the operation environment, decreasing fugitive emission, higher gas collection efficiency as well as less environmental pollution. This article describes the different structure strength and high temperature thermal properties of 4 different types of coke manufactured using a conventional coking process and the stamp-charging coke making process. The 4 kinds of cokes were prepared from the mixture of five feed coals blended by the petrography blending method. The results showed that the structure strength indices of coke prepared using the stamp-charging coke method increase sharply. In contrast with conventional coking process, the stamp-charging process improved the coke strength after reaction but had little impact on the coke reactivity index.