高回收率循环水排污水回用处理工艺研究

采用城市中水作为火电厂循环水系统水源,在循环水高浓缩倍率运行条件下,循环水排污水具有含盐量高、硬度高、有机物浓度高的特点,回用处理难度大。通过试验模拟研究,提出了采用"Na OHNa_2CO_3联合软化+超滤+反渗透"处理工艺,该系统运行稳定,淡水回收率可达到85%,淡水可作为循环水系统补水或者锅炉补给水系统水源。     

BRACKISH GROUNDWATER DESALINATION: A COMMUNITY'S SOLUTION TO WATER SUPPLY AND AQUIFER PROTECTION1

The City of Cape May, New Jersey, draws its primary water supply from the Cohansey Aquifer, a unit serving residential, community, and industrial users throughout the Coastal Plain. By the year 2000, projected population growth will impose a peak water demand beyond available supplies. In addition, regional over-pumping threatens the Cohansey with saltwater intrusion, placing the city wells at risk by 1998. In the early-to mid 1990s, three broad categories of water-supply alternatives were evaluated by regional, state, and federal agencies — additional pumping from the Cohansey, conjunctive use of the Cohansey with other aquifers, and desalination of brackish groundwater. An approach was adopted in 1996 which derives up to 2 MGD from desalination of brackish groundwater, with the remaining peak demand satisfied by short-term pumpage from existing wells in the Cohansey. The first of two wells has been completed, yielding 1.4 MGD of brackish groundwater. Similar performance from the second well will exceed the design goal. When the initial system comes on line during the summer of 1998, New Jersey will have its first public water supply derived from desalinated groundwater. The use of desalinated groundwater balances competing demands for water resources in the southern Cape Region of New Jersey, allowing continued economic growth while reducing human impacts on a threatened aquifer.     

反渗透与超滤及其在水处理中的应用

反渗透与超滤是水处理中广泛应用的膜分离技术,给水处理中反渗透应用较多,废水处理中超滤应用较广泛。     

逆向物流中的环境影响评价

逆向物流具有先天的环保意义 ,但企业往往无法准确估计逆向物流能为环境绩效带来多大改善 ,因而缺乏实施逆向物流的动力。而环境影响评价是解决这个问题的有力工具 ,只是目前在逆向物流上的应用还很少。文中论述了环境影响评价在逆向物流中的应用 ,包括估计逆向物流的环保意义 ,以及控制逆向物流系统的环境绩效。     

垃圾填埋场生物覆盖材料筛选及甲烷减排

通过模拟柱实验研究了消化污泥、矿化垃圾和黏土作为垃圾填埋场生物覆盖材料的甲烷氧化能力。3种材料的甲烷日氧化率平均值、总氧化率和氧化速率V(CH4)分别是:消化污泥10.27%、75.82%、1.76 mmol/(kg·d);矿化垃圾11.05%、75.61%、2.04 mmol/(kg·d);黏土9.05%、68.15%、1.33 mmol/(kg·d),消化污泥和矿化垃圾对甲烷的氧化能力均大于黏土。进一步探讨了消化污泥中添加粉煤灰、建筑垃圾和黏土进行改性后对甲烷的氧化能力,考察了改性污泥的渗透系数和抗压强度。结果表明:粉煤灰对消化污泥的改性效果最好,其日氧化率平均值、总氧化率和V(CH4)分别达到17.27%、92.37%和2.35 mmol/(kg·d),粉煤灰与消化污泥以1∶1～1.5∶1混配后可满足填埋场对覆盖材料渗透系数和抗压强度的要求。     

超滤技术处理电厂循环水排污水的试验研究

经过反渗透除盐处理的电厂循环水排污水可以作为锅炉的补给水,但是电厂循环水排污水进入反渗透系统前必须经过严格的预处理。提出采用超滤技术作为反渗透除盐的预处理方案,并通过现场中试试验证明,采用超滤技术处理电厂循环水排污水的产水能够满足反渗透除盐系统进水的水质要求。     

Impact of incorporating customer preference in sustainable remanufacturing of commercial returns

This paper investigates optimum production parameters for a reverse supply chain for manufacturing of primary products and remanufacturing of commercial returns (products returned by customers for refund or exchange). The market for the product consists of two categories, the primary and remanufactured products. The demands for these markets are independent and considered to be random variables following a normal distribution function. The approach presented in this work differs from many previously published works because the acceptability of products varies among customers. The interaction between the designed quality and variable customers’ preferences determines the likelihood of a product being returned. Two major decision variables targeted in this study are the production cycle time and the targeted quality for production of parts used in the product. Through an analytical formulation and numerical examples, a relationship between the total profit of the system and the two decision variables is developed and optimised. The analysis demonstrates that the total profit of the hybrid system could be increased significantly by targeting the optimum targeted (not necessarily the highest) values for quality of parts and the optimum cycle length. And this objective could be accomplished with significant gain with respect to sustainability and waste reduction.     

萃取净化废水中镉的动力学研究简

采用恒界面池研究了二壬基萘磺酸（简称DNNSA或HD）-煤油体系萃取废水中镉离子的动力学。考察了搅拌转速、二壬基萘磺酸浓度、镉离子浓度和温度对萃取速率的影响，并得到了DNNSA萃取废水中镉离子的萃取动力学方程。实验结果表明，镉离子的萃取速率在200 r/min时出现与搅拌强度无关的化学反应动力学“坪区”，FT-IR结果表明，反应产物为磺酸盐；在动力学“坪区”，镉离子萃取速率随着萃取剂浓度、水相中的镉离子浓度增加而增加；随着温度升高，萃取速率增加，萃取活化能为11.8 kJ/mol。     

印染生化尾水反渗透深度处理工艺膜污染成因分析

为阐明印染生化尾水反渗透膜处理时膜污染的成因，使用小试装置进行40h膜污染实验，研究膜污染速率、污染程度以及可逆性，同时应用扫描电子显微镜一EDS能谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪、总有机碳测定仪等仪器对进水水质、膜表面污染物的形态和组成等进行表征。结果表明，膜表面主要是碳酸钙无机污染和钙与有机物络合污染，无机污染占主导，且可逆性差，有机污染物主要含有--OH和～c-c官能团；单一去除废水中有机物污染物（TOC去除率达88％）对膜污染缓解不明显，但钙离子的去除可显著缓解膜污染，膜通量可增加72．6％；同时去除有机物和钙离子，膜通量可增加80．4％。     

印染生化尾水反渗透深度处理工艺膜污染成因分析简

为阐明印染生化尾水反渗透膜处理时膜污染的成因，使用小试装置进行40 h膜污染实验，研究膜污染速率、污染程度以及可逆性，同时应用扫描电子显微镜-EDS能谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪、总有机碳测定仪等仪器对进水水质、膜表面污染物的形态和组成等进行表征。结果表明，膜表面主要是碳酸钙无机污染和钙与有机物络合污染，无机污染占主导，且可逆性差，有机污染物主要含有—OH和—CC官能团；单一去除废水中有机物污染物（TOC去除率达88%）对膜污染缓解不明显，但钙离子的去除可显著缓解膜污染，膜通量可增加72.6%；同时去除有机物和钙离子，膜通量可增加80.4%。