泥石流在两河交汇处堵江后坝体渗流模型的研究

采用重正化群方法算出三维自由渗流模型的渗流阀值 ,在此基础上提出三维具有自相似性质的渗流模型。并在此模型下分析了在实际观测中坝体对岸处易溃坝的原因以及从泥石流堵江后坝体衍化的角度探讨了它崩溃的机理     

环境信息系统中关于办公自动化的探讨

在简要介绍环境信息系统概况的同时 ,重点在办公自动化系统上提出了一些体会 ,并从开发、应用等几方面说明了办公自动化系统作为一项系统工程在目前信息中的作用     

平顶山东部矿区地应力场特征及其对煤与瓦斯突出的影响

为了研究平顶山东部矿区地应力场特征,以及地应力对煤与瓦斯突出的影响,利用地应力实测资料,运用理论分析和数理统计计算相结合的方法,系统研究了东部矿区地应力的分布规律;并且进行了地应力区块划分,揭示了东部矿区地应力在突出中的作用。结果表明:1)东部矿区地应力场以水平构造应力为主,最大主应力方向为NEE-SWW向,最大水平主应力百米梯度为5.4 MPa左右,该区域内集聚了较高的水平构造应力,应力场类型为大地动力场;2)依据最大水平主应力随埋深增加而增大的应力梯度线,将东部矿区划分为应力升高区和应力梯度区;3)应力升高区由于地应力集中,提供了突出的动力,构造煤的发育则减少了突出阻力,造成了该区域频繁发生突出事故,突出的主导因素为地应力。     

苯及其衍生物在Pluronic嵌段共聚物胶束水溶液中的增溶

用紫外光谱方法考察 35℃时苯、甲苯、二甲苯和氯苯在Pluronic嵌段共聚物F12 7和P12 3胶束中的增溶 .实验发现 ,当Pluronic嵌段共聚物胶束内核成分固定时 ,增溶量随内核体积 (对苯与氯苯系统 ,还包括栅栏层 )增大而线性增加 ,苯、甲苯、二甲苯和氯苯在每个胶束的最大增溶分子数分别为 4.4× 10 3、2 .3× 10 3、1.4× 10 3 和 7.1× 10 3 个 (F12 7)以及 11× 10 3、6 .8×10 3、4.2× 10 3 和 18× 10 3 个 (P12 3) ,这表明F12 7和P12 3是优良的芳香烃化合物增溶载体 .当苯环上增加甲基时 ,头一个甲基(甲苯 )对增溶量的影响比第二个甲基 (二甲苯 )的影响剧烈     

叶面调理剂对复合污染农田小麦籽粒Cd、As和Pb累积的阻控效应

针对麦田土壤镉（Cd）、砷（As）和铅（Pb）复合污染问题,采用田间小区试验,于拔节期、孕穗期和灌浆初期对小麦进行叶面单独和混合喷施Zn（0.2% ZnSO₄）、Mg（0.4% MgSO₄）和Mn（0.2% MnSO₄）处理,以期探究叶面调理剂对小麦籽粒Cd、As和Pb累积的阻控效应,最终筛选出适用于北方重金属复合污染区有效阻控小麦籽粒中Cd、As和Pb累积的叶面调理剂.结果表明,与对照相比,叶面喷施Zn+Mg+Mn复配溶液能够显著降低小麦籽粒中Cd、As和Pb含量,降幅分别为18.96%、23.87%和51.31%,TF_{籽粒/秸秆}分别降低了14.62%、27.73%和47.70%,该叶面调理剂能够通过抑制Cd、As和Pb从小麦茎叶到籽粒的转运进而降低其在籽粒的累积;研究还发现,对照的籽粒中Cd和As主要分布在中心胚乳（34.08%~37.08%）,而Pb主要分布在果皮和种皮（27.78%）.喷施Zn+Mg+Mn复配溶液可显著降低Cd和As在糊粉层含量,分别比CK降低81.10%和82.24%,而Pb除果皮和种皮、中心胚乳外,各层次Pb含量均显著降低（降幅为42.85%~91.15%）,各层次面粉只有糊粉层（P2）重金属含量与Zn含量呈显著负相关.综上所述,对于北方石灰性土壤Cd、As和Pb中度复合污染农田,于小麦拔节期、孕穗期和灌浆初期各喷施一次Zn+Mg+Mn复配的叶面调理剂,可有效阻控Cd、As和Pb在小麦籽粒尤其是糊粉层的累积.在此基础上,可通过去除麦麸来进一步降低重金属尤其是Cd的污染,保证小麦安全生产和粮食安全.     

Groundwater Quality Monitoring in Shallow and Deep Aquifers in Saidabad Tahsil Area, Mathura District, India

Water availability in arid regions is both sporadic and highly variable in quantity. If the water quality shows large variations of salinity and concentration of other chemical constituents with depth and time span, it has considerable effect on the entire hydrological set up of the area. In the Saidabad tahsil area, the deep aquifers that supply water to borewells in the alluvial plain of the Mathura region, Uttar Pradesh, have higher salinity than those of the dugwells from the shallow aquifers. The excessive drilling of tubewells and high yield tubewells are resulting in deterioration of water quality of the shallow aquifers. On the contrary, the chemical constituents such as, Na⁺, K ⁺, Cl ^-, andHCO ₃ ^- show higher concentration in shallow aquifers than deep aquifers. A study carried out to monitor water quality in this region reveals that the groundwater quality varies with depth and time span in shallow and deep aquifers. Factors controlling variations in salinity and concentration of chemical constituents of the water in the two types of aquifers are discussed. The relative merits of the shallow water for potability are pointed out with respect to salinity concentrations and public health.     

考虑街区尺寸的应急救援路径选择仿真研究

为分析街区尺寸对应急救援车辆行程时间的影响，基于小（120 m）、中（264 m）、大（440 m）3种典型街区尺寸，将救援车辆行程时间分为街区内、外2部分，以总行程时间最小为目标，构建基于背景流量水平的救援车辆路径选择仿真模型。设置4种救援场景，分别求解各救援场景在不同街区尺寸下的最短路径时间、冗余度及复杂度。结果表明:街区尺寸对街区内、外部救援时间均有影响，而前者在救援路径距离较短、街区尺寸较大的路网中占据较大比例（可达50%以上）；救援路径包含路段的流量较小时，中、大街区尺寸路网表现类似，而高流量下大尺寸具备更优的救援时间；街区尺寸越小，救援路径冗余度与复杂度均越大。     

PDA的制备及其对水体中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的去除性能

以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,Span-80和Tween-80为乳化剂,液体石蜡为分散相,采用分批加料法,反相乳液聚合制备二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺的共聚物(PDA)。研究内容包括单体配比、引发剂配比、油水体积比和pH值对产物特性粘度的影响。研究获得的优化聚合条件为:单体质量比(DMDAAC∶AM)为2∶8,引发剂质量比(NaHSO3∶K2S2O8)为5∶3,油水体积比为1∶1.2,pH值为8。选用自制PDA用于去除水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)时,在絮凝剂PDA的投加量为0.60 mg/L,pH值为10时,DMP的去除效果最好,去除率达到98.31%。     

Evaluation of the antifungal effects of bio-oil prepared with lignocellulosic biomass using fast pyrolysis technology

This study was performed to investigate the utility of bio-oil, produced via a fast pyrolysis process, as an antifungal agent against wood-rot fungi. Bio-oil solutions (25-100 wt.%) were prepared by diluting the bio-oil with EtOH. Wood block samples (yellow poplar and pitch pine) were treated with diluted bio-oil solutions and then subjected to a leaching process under hot water (70 °C) for 72 h. After the wood block samples were thoroughly dried, they were subjected to a soil block test using Tyromyces palustris and Trametes versicolor. The antifungal effect of the 75% and 100% bio-oil solutions was the highest for both wood blocks. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that some chemical components in the bio-oil solution could agglomerate together to form clusters in the inner part of the wood during the drying process, which could act as a wood preservative against fungal growth. According to GC/MS analysis, the components of the agglomerate were mainly phenolic compounds derived from lignin polymers.     

湿法脱硫吸收塔浆液石灰石屏蔽原因分析及预防处理

针对火电厂锅炉烟气湿法脱硫系统运行中吸收塔内浆液经常发生“石灰石屏蔽”影响脱硫效率、污染环境问题，分析了“石灰石屏蔽”的产生机理和诱发原因：燃料中含硫成分增加或燃料量增加导致烟气中含硫总量上升，氧化风量没有随之同步增加，脱硫塔入口烟尘浓度及氟化物和铝化物累积上升，石灰石的品质和细度变化等，这些因素都会影响或打破工艺系统中化学反应的平衡，导致“石灰石屏蔽”现象发生，针对这些原因给出了预防措施和“石灰石屏蔽”发生后的应急处理方法，提出了开展原煤炉前或炉中或出矿前脱硫研究治理的建议，让脱硫关口前移，才是抓根治本、变被动为主动的努力方向。