温敏性线型共聚物对金属离子的吸附

利用合成的ＮＩＰＡＡｍ－ＡＡｃ温敏性线型共聚研究了其对无机金属离子的吸附性能，以期应用于水污染的治理，结果表明其有明显的浓度效果，在ＰＨ＝４时，对Ｙ＾３＋，Ｅｒ＾３＋和ＵＯ＾２＋２的浓集率分别达到８４％、６５％和５６％，相应的浓集量分别为１１．２ｍｇ．ｇ＾－１，４．４５ｍｇ．ｇ＾－１和１１．３ｍｇ．ｇ＾－１，并讨论了影响浓集的条件和吸附机理。     

台湾:从粤东沿海逆时针旋转而来的陆块

从台湾岛基本地质特征出发,通过与大陆东南沿海及邻近地区之间的地质对比,提出关于台湾岛成因的新假说,即台湾岛是在晚中生代随着东南大陆的离散而逐渐分离出去的一个陆块,并经历逆时针旋转,于中新世以后在福建沿海与大陆碰撞拼贴.     

利用煤矸石生产轻型空心砌块是煤矸石资源化的有效途径

对未自燃煤矸石进行燃烧、破碎，制成轻集料，加入水泥和外加剂，生产出性能优良的煤矸石轻型空心砌块。作为一种新型墙体材料，与传统墙体材料相比，具有质轻、保温、高强、节约能源和减少开支等优点，同时还具有利废率大、生产工艺简单等特点。因此，煤矸石生产空心砌块具有明显的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益，是治理煤矸石的有效途径，值得推广。     

Incorporation of gypsum waste in ceramic block production: Proposal for a minimal battery of tests to evaluate technical and environmental viability of this recycling process

Civil engineering-related construction and demolition debris is an important source of waste disposed of in municipal solid waste landfills. After clay materials, gypsum waste is the second largest contributor to the residential construction waste stream. As demand for sustainable building practices grows, interest in recovering gypsum waste from construction and demolition debris is increasing, but there is a lack of standardized tests to evaluate the technical and environmental viability of this solid waste recycling process. By recycling gypsum waste, natural deposits of gypsum might be conserved and high amounts of the waste by-product could be reused in the civil construction industry. In this context, this paper investigates a physical property (i.e., resistance to axial compression), the chemical composition and the ecotoxicological potential of ceramic blocks constructed with different proportions of clay, cement and gypsum waste, and assesses the feasibility of using a minimal battery of tests to evaluate the viability of this recycling process. Consideration of the results for the resistance to axial compression tests together with production costs revealed that the best formulation was 35% of plastic clay, 35% of non-plastic clay, 10% of Portland cement and 20% of gypsum waste, which showed a mean resistance of 4.64 MPa. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry showed calcium and sulfur to be the main elements, while quartz, gypsum, ettringite and nacrite were the main crystalline compounds found in this formulation. Ecotoxicity tests showed that leachate from this formulation is weakly toxic toward daphnids and bacteria (EC_20% = 69.0 and 75.0, respectively), while for algae and fish the leachate samples were not toxic at the EC_50% level. Overall, these results show that the addition of 20% of gypsum waste to the ceramic blocks could provide a viable substitute for clay in the ceramics industry and the tests applied in this study proved to be a useful tool for the technical and environmental evaluation of this recycling process, bacterial and daphnid tests being more sensitive than algae and fish tests.     

大空间公用建筑火灾积木式多功能火蔓延特性实验台的研制

针对大空间公用建筑火灾火蔓延的特点,在积木式设计原理的指导下,完成了大空间公用建筑火灾积木式多功能火蔓延实验台的建造,并对变换火蔓延实验方式的组合拼接方法给予了详细说明。     

DEVELOPING CONFIDENCE IN CONCRETE REVETMENT PRODUCTS FOR BANK STABILIZATION1

ABSTRACT: There is a need to provide flood protection while maintaining stable bed and bank conditions in the riverine system, to stabilize earth embankment dams and spiliways, and to stabilize highway or railway embankments and levee systems. One approach to providing erosion protection and stabilization of channel banks, embankments and spill conveyances is with articulated concrete block systems. Numerous articulated concrete block systems are available for bank stabilization. However, prior to field installations few means are available to evaluate how well these block systems perform. To assist the designer in predicting site specific suitability, a series of hydraulic testing protocols have been developed to analyze block system performance. Two articulated block system testing protocols are presented to indicate how block hydraulic characteristics may be determined and provide performance assurance to both the designer and the owner.     

EFFECTIVE WATER PRICING1

ABSTRACT: When the goal of water pricing is elevated from mere cost recovery to deriving the greatest value from scarce water and associated nonwater resources, conventional rate regimes are found to be deficient. To address the challenge of creating rates that are both efficient and budget-balancing, several theoretical and practical aspects of rate-making are considered. Purposeful selection of rate parameters for a specific billing system is demonstrated to serve efficiency and cost recovery objectives. Attention to non-accounting opportunity costs is an important system element, but these costs are often not fully borne by the utility or its customers. In situations where this issue is serious, state or federal pricing policy may be necessary.     

湿法脱硫吸收塔浆液石灰石屏蔽原因分析及预防处理

针对火电厂锅炉烟气湿法脱硫系统运行中吸收塔内浆液经常发生“石灰石屏蔽”影响脱硫效率、污染环境问题,分析了“石灰石屏蔽”的产生机理和诱发原因：燃料中含硫成分增加或燃料量增加导致烟气中含硫总量上升,氧化风量没有随之同步增加,脱硫塔入口烟尘浓度及氟化物和铝化物累积上升,石灰石的品质和细度变化等,这些因素都会影响或打破工艺系统中化学反应的平衡,导致“石灰石屏蔽”现象发生,针对这些原因给出了预防措施和“石灰石屏蔽”发生后的应急处理方法,提出了开展原煤炉前或炉中或出矿前脱硫研究治理的建议,让脱硫关口前移,才是抓根治本、变被动为主动的努力方向。     

Photo-/Bio-degradability of Agro Waste and Ethylene–Propylene Copolymers Composites Under Abiotic and Biotic Environments

Composites were prepared by two methods, (i) graft copolymerization (GFC) of isotactic polypropylene (PP) with maliec anhydride, (MAH) followed by esterification with coir fiber and (ii) by direct reactive mixing (DFC) of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene–propylene (EP) copolymers with MAH and peroxide with coir fiber. These composites, after molding in films (5×5 cm, m thickness) were examined for susceptibility to biological attack by measuring the percentage weight loss in compost upto 6 months, periodically, and fungal colonization on surface of the samples, when kept as sole carbon source for the growth of Aspergillus niger in culture medium upto 40 days. Photodegradation was evaluated by monitoring the variations in FT-IR spectrum and crack formation after successive treatment with UV light (≥290 nm) for 0, 20, 50 and 100 h at 60°C in the presence of air. Specimens of virgin PP were taken as a reference during all period of photo and biodegradation studies. Significant changes were observed depending on the preparation methods during photodegradation and biodisintegration of composites. DFCs samples were disintegrated faster than GFCs during the composting whereas, in culture, GFCs were covered highly in well uniform way by fungi. It was observed that photo-oxidative ageing directly enhanced the biodegradability of composites as the increase in fungal growth rate and decrease in weight during composting were found. It was concluded that extent of compatibilization had a profound effect on photo-oxidation and biodisintegration of composite material; consequently ester bonds were main units during fungal consumption. Composition of monomers in copolymers was also showing significant effect on the degradability which decreased with increasing content of ethylene in ethylene–propylene (EP) copolymers.     

PDA的制备及其对水体中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的去除性能

以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,Span-80和Tween-80为乳化剂,液体石蜡为分散相,采用分批加料法,反相乳液聚合制备二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺的共聚物(PDA)。研究内容包括单体配比、引发剂配比、油水体积比和pH值对产物特性粘度的影响。研究获得的优化聚合条件为:单体质量比(DMDAAC∶AM)为2∶8,引发剂质量比(NaHSO3∶K2S2O8)为5∶3,油水体积比为1∶1.2,pH值为8。选用自制PDA用于去除水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)时,在絮凝剂PDA的投加量为0.60 mg/L,pH值为10时,DMP的去除效果最好,去除率达到98.31%。