丛枝菌根真菌Gigaspora margarita孢子伴生菌群效应分析

丛枝菌根真菌的孢子表面存在与之伴生的微生物类群,其中以细菌为主．本文以不同处理方式的珍珠巨孢囊霉（Gigaspora margarita）孢予与白三叶草（nifolium repens L．）进行共培养试验．试验分为4组：A,孢子绎表面消毒;B,孢子表面消毒后并同接伴生菌;C,孢子未经表面消毒;D,孢子存在于土壤接种物中．以灭菌的蛭石为基质,修改的Hoagland营养液作为补充营养,在相对无杂菌的环境中培养3mo,并取样观察．结果表明,处理A的植株茎叶鲜（干）重显著低于其它处理,根系鲜重无显著差异．菌根侵染率以D处理最高,A与B、C之间存在不显著的差异．产孢数量以A最少,并与B、C之间存在显著性差异．以PCR-DGGE技术分析各处理之间孢子伴生细菌的种群差异．结果显示,A处理与其它处理间存存较大的差异,其它处理间差异较小．分析认为,伴生菌群对G．margarita及其宿主植物的生命活动起着直接或间接的影响．图1表3参26     

培养基种类和培养条件对白腐真菌生长和产酶特性的影响

以白腐真菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)为研究对象,比较了该菌种在人工合成培养基和天然培养基中的生长和产酶特性,考察了竹子浸出液,pH,载体和抗生素等对白腐真菌在天然培养基中生长和产酶特性的影响.结果表明,天然培养基中白腐真菌的生物量、菌丝小球直径和木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)活性均大于人工培养基.以天然培养基为基础培养基,加入竹子浸出液可以促进白腐真菌的生长和提高木质素过氧化物酶活性;较低pH(4.5)条件下菌丝小球直径较小;载体的加入使得菌体以附着形式生长;抗生素两性霉素B对白腐真菌的生长和产酶的影响存在阈值,当ρ(两性霉素B)超过50　mg/L时,白腐真菌的生长和产酶受到明显的抑制.      

产酸白腐菌处理碱性造纸黑液的机制探析

在复杂的黑液污染体系内, 探索了产酸白腐菌处理碱性造纸黑液的机制。用该菌处理碱性造纸黑液5d以后,pH值从8、9降至1,COD去除率为73%,黑液中固形物与可溶木质素随着时间增加。研究结果表明,黑液碱性是影响产酸白腐菌生长的限制因子之一, 产酸白腐菌可以通过产酸代谢调节黑液碱性以适应与改变环境,同时通过木质素酸析及吸附效应降低黑液COD,此时,白腐菌对黑液中木素降解作用处于次要地位,说明使用产酸白腐菌进行造纸黑液的处理具有明显环境效应与巨大的潜力。     

霉菌试验技术分析与探讨

分析霉菌试验技术对试验结果的影响,并从试验菌种、霉菌孢子、试验周期、温湿度控制、灭菌方法以及试验结果评定等方面对提高霉菌试验结果的有效性进行了探讨.     

漂白废水白腐菌脱色的条件

碳源、氮源、Mn^2 浓度及pH值对F7菌漂白废水脱色有较大的影响,最佳培养基组成为：ρ（葡萄糖）10g/L,ρ（NH4Cl）0．13g/L,ρ（Mn^2 )20mg/L,随葡萄糖和NH4Cl添国量的增加,菌体生物量增加,但高浓度的NH4Cl对F7菌脱色有抑制作用,F7菌适宜生长pH值为4－5,适宜脱色pHwfhgo 3-6,最适脱色pH值为5．0另外,经脱色处理的漂白废水的毒性明显下降。     

霉菌试验设备的选用及检定

任何一项环境试验标准在描述试验条件与试验方法时。直接或间接地对其相应的试验设备提出了具体的要求。正确选用试验设备是保证试验准确性的前提,本文介绍了霉菌试验设备的选用及检定,同时建议建立一种新型的气候试验设备基本参数检定方法标准体系。     

棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)对Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)对溶液中Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)吸附过程的特征,分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验,同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下,棘孢曲霉对Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)最大吸附量分别为71.2 mg/g和59.8 mg/g;动力学实验数据很好的符合二级动力学方程,吸附达到平衡的时间为3 h;热力学实验数据显示该吸附过程为自发的、吸热的过程。     

印制电路板工艺涂层防湿热、防霉菌、防盐雾试验标准的对比与分析

本文对现有标准中印制电路板工艺涂层的防湿热、防霉菌、防盐雾试验方法进行了对比,分析了各标准在标准试样制备、试验依据方法及表征参数等方面的要求,对比分析结果可为印制电路板工艺涂层三防性能验证试验方案设计提供指导。     

Mycoremediation of diclofenac using Mucor hiemalis

Diclofenac (DCF) is a pharmaceutical drug widely found in the aquatic environment, where it represents a persistent, anthropogenic hazard to all biota. Owing to the reported inefficiency of water treatment strategies to remove pharmaceuticals, the present study aimed to investigate the ability of the aquatic fungus Mucor hiemalis to take up and accumulate DCF. Cultures of M. hiemalis were exposed to varying concentrations of DCF (10, 25 and 50 µg/L) over a period of 144 h. In the presence of M. hiemalis, DCF concentrations in the media decreased by 95% within 24 h. This early removal was most likely due to extracellular metabolism of DCF, as low proportions of the pharmaceutical were found in the mycelium of the fungus, thereby excluding bioaccumulation as the main mode of removal. However, adsorption of DCF onto the surface of the M. hiemalis pellets cannot be excluded. Our study provides the first report of DCF remediation using M. hiemalis and is the first successful step towards a feasible and inexpensive bioremediation technique for DCF.     

Effects of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus on Individual Survival Probability in Wild Boreal Toads

Abstract: Chytridiomycosis is linked to the worldwide decline of amphibians, yet little is known about the demographic effects of the disease. We collected capture–recapture data on three populations of boreal toads (Bufo boreas [Bufo = Anaxyrus]) in the Rocky Mountains (U.S.A.). Two of the populations were infected with chytridiomycosis and one was not. We examined the effect of the presence of amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]; the agent of chytridiomycosis) on survival probability and population growth rate. Toads that were infected with Bd had lower average annual survival probability than uninfected individuals at sites where Bd was detected, which suggests chytridiomycosis may reduce survival by 31–42% in wild boreal toads. Toads that were negative for Bd at infected sites had survival probabilities comparable to toads at the uninfected site. Evidence that environmental covariates (particularly cold temperatures during the breeding season) influenced toad survival was weak. The number of individuals in diseased populations declined by 5–7%/year over the 6 years of the study, whereas the uninfected population had comparatively stable population growth. Our data suggest that the presence of Bd in these toad populations is not causing rapid population declines. Rather, chytridiomycosis appears to be functioning as a low‐level, chronic disease whereby some infected individuals survive but the overall population effects are still negative. Our results show that some amphibian populations may be coexisting with Bd and highlight the importance of quantitative assessments of survival in diseased animal populations.