煤矿井下不同作业场所的职业健康风险定量评价

为评估煤矿井下工人面临的职业健康风险,采用特征化分析和货币化法,提出煤矿井下不同作业场所职业健康风险的定量评价方法。对井下主要作业场所进行划分,收集各作业场所粉尘、噪声和热环境的清单数据,进行特征化分析,将粉尘、噪声和热环境对工人的健康风险影响量化,最后进行货币化,使评价结果赋予经济意义。结果表明:平煤某矿的职业健康风险为715.47万元,主要作业场所职业健康风险由大到小依次为回采、掘进、煤仓口、锚喷作业点和胶带运输转载,评价结果可为煤矿职业健康管理提供更全面的决策依据。     

油田泵房电机消声器

介绍了油田泵房电机消声器结构、工作原理和特点.采用的泵房电机消声器结构简单,实用性强,起到了消声和隔声的作用,改善了作业工人的劳动条件,而且加装消声器后电机温度不会升得太高.     

交通噪声地图的声源反演及修正计算

交通噪声地图是环境噪声管理的重要工具,为了减小大范围噪声地图绘制时产生的预测误差,提出了一种基于监测数据的声源特性反演算法,给出了噪声地图修正计算的详细方法和步骤.该算法利用原始噪声地图的计算结果参与计算来提升修正求解效率,避免对预测模型参数进行直接修改,保证修正区域的计算结果符合预测模型中的声传播规律.在自主研发的噪声地图绘制软件中实现该反演修正算法,并对北京某示范区噪声地图的求解和修正计算来验证算法有效性.6组实验结果分析得出,该算法在监测点位置处的修正误差小于1.1dB,而在非监测点位置处也均对原始预测值进行了不同程度的修正改善,其误差程度与监测点主要声源对监测点的贡献率及监测点的影响范围有关,在监测点控制范围内的预测值误差在2.5dB以下.实验证明该算法能够有效的对交通噪声地图进行修正更新计算,并在保证满足预测模型声传播规律不变的情况下改善噪声地图求解质量.     

A new context-based approach to assess marine mammal behavioral responses to anthropogenic sounds

Acute effects of anthropogenic sounds on marine mammals, such as from military sonars, energy development, and offshore construction, have received considerable international attention from scientists, regulators, and industry. Moreover, there has been increasing recognition and concern about the potential chronic effects of human activities (e.g., shipping). It has been demonstrated that increases in human activity and background noise can alter habitats of marine animals and potentially mask communications for species that rely on sound to mate, feed, avoid predators, and navigate. Without exception, regulatory agencies required to assess and manage the effects of noise on marine mammals have addressed only the acute effects of noise on hearing and behavior. Furthermore, they have relied on a single exposure metric to assess acute effects: the absolute sound level received by the animal. There is compelling evidence that factors other than received sound level, including the activity state of animals exposed to different sounds, the nature and novelty of a sound, and spatial relations between sound source and receiving animals (i.e., the exposure context) strongly affect the probability of a behavioral response. A more comprehensive assessment method is needed that accounts for the fact that multiple contextual factors can affect how animals respond to both acute and chronic noise. We propose a three-part approach. The first includes measurement and evaluation of context-based behavioral responses of marine mammals exposed to various sounds. The second includes new assessment metrics that emphasize relative sound levels (i.e., ratio of signal to background noise and level above hearing threshold). The third considers the effects of chronic and acute noise exposure. All three aspects of sound exposure (context, relative sound level, and chronic noise) mediate behavioral response, and we suggest they be integrated into ecosystem-level management and the spatial planning of human offshore activities.     

钢铁噪声管理信息系统在噪声控制中的应用

为了将钢铁噪声管理信息系统应用到噪声控制中,从噪声控制工作的现场测试、控制方案的选定、降噪效果的鉴定和评价等阶段分析钢铁噪声管理信息系统在噪声治理工作中的应用,并给出应用实例。使用表明:钢铁噪声管理信息系统在噪声控制工作中具有指导作用。钢铁噪声管理信息系统是辅助钢铁企业噪声治理工作的有力工具。     

临近车库出入口建筑噪声防护距离计算模式

为确定居住区内临近车库出入口建筑噪声防护距离,将行驶车辆看作半自由空间中辐射的点声源,在考虑车库出入口及区内道路车流噪声的基础上,建立了临近车库出入口建筑正立面噪声理论计算模式.通过实测,对模式进行了修正,模式的预测值与实测值误差在±1.5dB之内.     

城市噪声污染控制实例

XX城市噪声污染控制立足于《XX城市近、中、远期总体规划》和《XX市环境保护“十一五”规划》,有利于城市环境噪声的综合整治和科学管理,与城市环境功能区划相协调,结合城市特征和噪声污染现状,提出控制目标、控制方案、可行性分析及保障措施。力求科学、合理、实用、可行。     

高架桥和立交桥的噪声污染与防治

通过对座落于深圳市罗湖区的4条主要高架桥、立交桥周围声环境的24h连续监测发现:高架桥的噪声变化趋势与一般干道类似,其最大值出现在离桥面10～15 m的楼层,而立交桥的纵向噪声总体变化不大;对于临路第1排建筑物的高层部分(10楼以上),由于其纳声范围较广,相对而言,桥上的交通噪声对其贡献较小.因此,高架桥、立交桥噪声污染防治应以规划为主,并根据实际情况,采取设置声屏障和隔声窗相结合进行防护.      

深圳宝安垃圾压缩转运站环境污染分析

通过对不同类型的垃圾压缩转运站水、气、噪声污染的监测分析发现,转运站产生的渗滤液中有机和重金属污染严重,CODCr浓度高达32783～67867mg/L,站内混合废水约排放40kgCODCr/d;站内恶臭物质如三甲胺、甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲二硫等浓度严重超标,而转运站内、外臭气浓度均较高,可采用喷淋植物提取液除臭等控制手段;转运站厂界噪声L90测值约为65dB（A）,垃圾压缩时的瞬时噪声较大。     

Organizational influence on working people's occupational noise protection in Hong Kong

INTRODUCTION: While there is some evidence of the influences of personal knowledge and organizational factors on workers' hearing protection, a causal model examining relationships between these variables is lacking. METHOD: To create and test such a model, this study collected data from 1,701 workers in Hong Kong through a random sample telephone survey. RESULTS: Fitting the model to the data revealed that organizational regulation of occupational noise protection was a root cause of workers' protective behavior, whereas workers knowledge about the protection exhibited only a minimal effect. CONCLUSIONS: These findings cast doubt on the significance of personal knowledge as a unique factor contributing to noise protection. The study also finds that organizational regulation was predictable by a number of organizational and industrial factors. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: To prevent occupational deafness, organizational regulation accompanied by regular inspection and a norm of noise protection is important.