Influence of leaching conditions for ecotoxicological classification of ash

The Waste Framework Directive (WFD; 2008/98/EC) states that classification of hazardous ecotoxicological properties of wastes (i.e. criteria H-14), should be based on the Community legislation on chemicals (i.e. CLP Regulation 1272/2008). However, harmonizing the waste and chemical classification may involve drastic changes related to choice of leaching tests as compared to e.g. the current European standard for ecotoxic characterization of waste (CEN 14735). The primary aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the influence of leaching conditions, i.e. pH (inherent pH (～10), and 7), liquid to solid (L/S) ratio (10 and 1000 L/kg) and particle size (<4 mm, <1 mm, and <0.125 mm), for subsequent chemical analysis and ecotoxicity testing in relation to classification of municipal waste incineration bottom ash. The hazard potential, based on either comparisons between element levels in leachate and literature toxicity data or ecotoxicity testing of the leachates, was overall significantly higher at low particle size (<0.125 mm) as compared to particle fractions <1 mm and <4 mm, at pH 10 as compared to pH 7, and at L/S 10 as compared to L/S 1000. These results show that the choice of leaching conditions is crucial for H-14 classification of ash and must be carefully considered in deciding on future guidance procedures in Europe.     

Application of AERMOD on near future air quality simulation under the latest national emission control policy of China：A case study on an industrial city

Air quality model can be an adequate tool for future air quality prediction, also atmospheric observations supporting and emission control strategies responders. The influence of emission control policy (emission reduction targets in the national "China’s 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015)") on the air quality in the near future over an important industrial city of China, Xuanwei in Yunnan Province, was studied by applying the AERMOD modeling system. First, our analysis demonstrated that the AERMOD modeling system could be used in the air quality simulation in the near future for SO2 and NOx under average meteorology but not for PM10. Second, after evaluating the simulation results in 2008 and 2015, ambient concentration of SO2, NOx and PM10 (only 2008) were all centered in the middle of simulation area where the emission sources concentrated, and it is probably because the air pollutions were source oriented. Last but not least, a better air quality condition will happen under the hypothesis that the average meteorological data can be used in near future simulation. However, there are still heavy polluted areas where ambient concentrations will exceed the air quality standard in near future. In spatial allocation, reduction effect of SO2 is more significant than NOx in 2015 as the contribution of SO2 from industry is more than NOx. These results inspired the regulatory applications of AERMOD modeling system in evaluating environmental pollutant control policy     

常州市扁担河桥断面水质提升方案研究

河流断面水质受到多种因素的影响,当前区域水环境整治方案的制定常常只是笼统地从工业、农业、生活污染控制方面提出一些措施,实际工作中缺乏有针对性的水质提升方案。以常州市扁担河桥断面为研究对象,在污染构成测算和削减目标计算的基础上,制定系统的、切实可行的水质提升方案,并对方案的可达性进行对比分析。通过测算2012年扁担河桥断面需要削减氨氮为59.45t/a,通过水质提升方案的实施,形成削减能力氨氮64.2t/a。     

中国大气污染治理:进展·挑战·路径

党的十八大以来,生态文明建设不断推进,其中大气污染治理是生态环境三大攻坚战之一.自2013年《大气污染防治行动计划》发布以来,我国开展了针对PM_2.5（细颗粒物）污染治理的一系列举措,在燃煤污染和移动源污染控制等领域取得了显著成绩,全国空气质量明显好转.相对于2013年,2017年京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大区域ρ（PM_2.5）年均值分别下降了40%、34%和28%.然而,目前我国不少区域和城市仍然面临着解决PM_2.5污染的急迫需求,并且O₃（臭氧）污染的重要性逐渐凸显,因此我国空气质量改善工作仍面临巨大挑战.今后在建设生态文明和"美丽中国"的进程中,围绕《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》目标,应重视对非电行业、柴油货车等重点源的控制,加强控制氮氧化物（NO_x）和挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放,持续推进能源和结构转型,协同推动我国积极应对气候变化和持续改善空气质量.      

营养盐恢复对氮磷饥饿铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

在自然水体中微囊藻经常经历营养盐的限制和再补充,营养盐浓度的波动影响着微囊藻的生长和暴发.本文利用14C标记和荧光定量PCR研究了营养盐恢复对氮磷饥饿的铜绿微囊藻细胞生理和光合作用相关基因表达的影响.结果表明经过氮磷饥饿的铜绿微囊藻在补充营养盐后,都能快速生长,氮饥饿的藻细胞生长更快,但其经过快速增长期后很快开始衰亡.补充营养盐后,经过磷饥饿的藻细胞固碳能力和光合作用相关基因表达很快恢复至未经饥饿藻细胞的水平,而经过氮饥饿的藻细胞其固碳能力和相关基因虽然有很大提升,却难以恢复至未经饥饿的藻细胞的水平.这可能也是氮饥饿的藻细胞在饥饿解除后虽然能暂时地快速生长,但很快又进入衰亡的原因之一.     

高应力大变形软岩巷道“三壳”围岩控制机理及应用

为解决土城煤矿14运输上山软岩巷道变形量大、锚杆索失效严重等技术难题,通过现场调研、室内试验、理论分析、数值模拟及工业性试验等方法,揭示了围岩变形特征以及巷道失稳破坏机理,提出了“三壳”围岩控制理论。基于以上研究,设计了“锚杆锚索+灌浆+钢管混凝土支架”的复合支护方案,建立了基于“三壳”围岩控制理论的“三壳”支护结构体力学模型,计算出设计方案的极限承载能力为2.54 MPa,随后采用 FLAC3D数值模拟软件对设计方案进行模拟分析,验证了方案合理性。最后,该复合支护得到成功运用,现场监测结果表明:巷道顶底板以及两帮变形量均低于100 mm,巷道未发生明显变形,支护效果良好。     

国道214线西宁-昌都-景洪公路祥云至澜沧江段工程生态环境影响及保护措施

根据祥云至澜沧江公路沿线生态环境的特点，分析了公路建设对生态环境造成的影响，提出了公路设计期、施工期、运营期应采取的生态环境保护措施。     

抗蚜威残留动态及示踪动力学模型研究

采用同位素示踪方法，以3个不同抗蚜威剂量对青菜进行喷施，研究其在青菜-土壤系统中的残留动态。试验显示，在不同浓度处理下，抗蚜威在青菜中的消解规律大致为前期较快，后期较慢：浓度高时较快，浓度低时较慢。常规剂量处理的试验末期，土壤中结合残留物占初始量的比例高达60．75％左右。抗蚜威在青菜-土壤系统中的残留动态变化，能较好的用指数模型和示踪动力学二分室模型描述。     

规划环境影响评价中的循环经济评价研究

介绍了循环经济的内涵、特征,以及表现形式;并对循环经济对区域可持续发展的深远影响、循环经济在规划环境影响评价中的重要地位等方面进行了说明,以实例论述了循环经济评价在规划环境影响评价中发挥的重要作用;最后在借鉴已有研究的基础上,针对评价方法的可行性,从相容性、匹配性、安全性、效果四个方面对在规划环境影响评价中的循环经济评价内容进行具体说明。     

处置多氯联苯的规划与设计

本文就从事国家“八五”课题中《多氯联苯（ＰＣＢ）工业性焚烧技术研究》专题的实践过程所涉及到的“专用场地的建设”、“焚烧工艺”及“前景展望”进行了论述．