“十一五”中国经济的低碳转型

“十一五”期间,中国的低碳发展取得了显著进展.此前能源强度和碳排放强度上升趋势得到有效逆转并大幅下降.电力和制造业是拉动能效上升和碳强度下降的主要部门；建筑部门内单位建筑面积能耗和CO2排放有所上升,但增速较“十五”而言明显放缓；交通部门内,各种运输方式的单位周转量能耗均有所下降,但高能耗交通模式高,部门总能耗和碳排放量上升明显;农业部门的能源消耗总量略有下降,单位增加值能耗下降明显；大规模造林大幅度提高了林业的碳吸收能力,使林业部门成为中国低碳发展的重要支柱.多项节能和可再生能源政策的出台及有效实施,为中国长远的低碳发展奠定了初步但实在的技术基础、物质基础和制度基础.作为一个发展中国家,中国的低碳发展呈现出碳排放总量上升、强度下降的基本特征.强有力的行政措施,使中国的低碳发展在短时间内取得了明显进展.由于政策手段单一,“十一五”期间政策实施尽管有效但成本很高,这也是“十二五”低碳发展政策制定与实施中应着力解决的重点问题.     

Prenatal diagnosis of partial tetrasomy 14: a case study

Prenatal specimens were received from a fetus with abnormalities noted on ultrasound. A supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC) was detected: 47,XY,+mar. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) further classified this to be partial tetrasomy for chromosome 14. We compare this finding with other cases of SMC (14) and further classify phenotype with karyotype. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国的能源回弹效应及其对实现“十三五”节能目标的影响

通过构建中国能源经济递推动态CGE模型,分别模拟了改善我国整体经济能效、单独提升不同品种能源利用效率以及仅提升高耗能行业能效的回弹效应,同时模拟了2012~2020年我国能源回弹效应的变化趋势及对我国实现“十三五”节能目标的影响.结果显示：我国存在能源回弹效应,整体经济的能源回弹效应在36%左右;全社会整体能效的提升更有利于我国节能,能效改善有利于我国减少煤炭使用但可能导致部分行业电力消耗的反弹;2012~2020年我国的能源回弹效应呈缓慢上升趋势,如果不配套相关措施我国“十三五”能效改善目标的实现将面临挑战.     

泥河湾盆地于家沟遗址AMS-14C年代学研究及其考古学意义

于家沟遗址作为泥河湾盆地中唯一具有新旧石器工业过渡的典型遗址,为研究东亚旧石器向新石器时代过渡提供了理想的场所。本文通过于家沟遗址剖面沉积物(厚约550 cm)的加速器质谱法(AMS-~(14)C)年代测定,确定了于家沟剖面的年代跨度为16.19?—?2.43 ka BP,其中旧石器向新石器时代的转化时限为9.35 ka BP。该遗址中发现的最早陶器经同层位地层推测,其年代为13.60 ka BP,是目前中国北方发现的最早陶器。陶器的使用可能改善了古人类的生活条件;大量细石器反映出泥河湾盆地中采猎经济高度繁荣。因此,在晚更新世末期气候开始变暖的背景下陶器和细石器的出现一定程度推动了中国北方旧石器时代向新石器时代的转变。     

阿图什市"十五"期间土地利用变化及分析

利用2001-2005年的遥感影像数据(覆盖范围主要是克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州行政辖区内的阿图什市),通过统计2001-2005 年土地利用数据,分析了该市近五年土地利用/覆盖的时空变化规律,并进而探究了导致该变化发生的自然、人文驱动因素.结果表明:在2001-2005年,该区域林地和草地面积增加,耕地面积减少,土地沙化和盐碱化现象得到遏制.探其原因主要是由社会、经济等人文因素造成,而包括气候波动在内的自然条件只是土地利用变化的背景条件.     

THE EFFECT OF CURRENT ON PERIPHYTIC PRODUCTIVITY AS DETERMINED USING CARBON-141

ABSTRACT: Productivity measurements of organisms attached to artificial substrates ranged from 6.5–7.6 mg C/m²/hr and were 17-65% greater in stirred bottles (simulated flow) than under static conditions. Carbon-14 was used to determine the effect of current on the primary productivity of these organisms in six artificial streams at the Flowing Streams Laboratory on the Savannah River Plant (U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, Aiken, South Carolina, U.SA.). Seasonal changes in dominant organisms were monitored from June 1973 to March 1974. Estimates of productivity, accumulated biomass, and levels of chlorophyll a were compared for possible correlation. Production of chlorophyll a ranged from 50 to 381 mg/m², and accumulated biomass ranged from 45 to 181 g/m² on the artificial substrates (glass microscope slides) during the period of study. Productivity of attached organisms was generally an order of magnitude greater than productivity of phytoplankton or tychoplankton. The consistently higher productivity in simulated flowing systems than in static systems tends to cast some doubt on values obtained when lotic communities have been enclosed or isolated in chambers or bottles without inducing a current or stirring action.     

我国大气环境管理历程与展望

随着大气环境问题从煤烟型向以PM_2.5和O₃为特征的区域复合型污染演变，我国大气污染控制模式从以污染物排放浓度控制为核心、以污染物排放总量控制为核心逐渐走向以大气环境质量改善为核心。特别是近几年，全国各地在空气质量管理、科学精准治污等领域开展一系列积极的探索与实践，取得了显著成效。本文系统回顾了近50年来我国不同阶段大气环境管理工作的特点，重点梳理了2013年《大气污染防治行动计划》实施以来，空气质量管理经验与成绩，结合减污降碳总体部署对我国2035年“美丽中国建设目标基本实现”时的空气质量进行了展望，从PM_2.5与O₃协同控制的角度出发，提出了“十四五”期间我国大气环境管理的总体思路。     

River Dolphins in Bangladesh: Conservation and the Effects of Water Development

Platanista gangetica ) are threatened in Bangladesh from the effects of dams, large embankment schemes, dredging, fisheries bycatch, directed hunting, and water pollution. Visual surveys of the section of the Jamuna River located between the divergence of the Old Brahmaputra River and the confluence of the Padma River and the section of the Kushiyara River located between the Bangladesh–India border and the confluence of the Korangi River recorded a sighting rate of 0.13 sightings/km (mean group size = 1.8 dolphins) and 0.08 sightings/km (mean group size = 3.8 dolphins), respectively. These sections of river were considered to be priority areas for investigation because several water development projects have already been constructed and more are planned for the areas. During the surveys we examined the remains of dolphins caught accidentally in plastic gillnets and observed fishermen catching the fish species Clupisoma garua using dolphin oil and body parts as a fish attractor. Additional studies are needed to assess the status of dolphins and effects of water development and fisheries bycatch. Feasibility studies should be conducted on designating dolphin/fish sanctuaries and creating artificial habitat or enhancing existing habitat in eddy countercurrent scour pools to mitigate deleterious impacts. The environmental requirements of river dolphins reflect the needs of productive and biotically diverse tropical rivers.