室内环境前沿研究动态

综述了第11次室内环境国际大会的专题报告会、主题发言和热点论坛的内容,梳理分类了专题报告会和热点论坛,指出值得关注的焦点问题、新理念、新动向。     

Determining indoor air quality and identifying the origin of odour episodes in indoor environments

A methodology for identifying volatile organic compounds (VOC) and determining air quality of indoor air has been developed. The air samples are collected using pump samplers by the inhabitants when they perceive odorous and/or discomfort episodes. Glass multi-sorbent tubes are connected to the pump samplers for the retention of VOC. The analysis is performed by automatic thermal desorption (ATD) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This methodology can be applied in cases of sick building syndrome (SBS) evaluation, in which building occupants experience a series of varied symptoms that appear to be linked to time spent in the building. Chemical pollutants concentrations (e.g., VOC) have been described to contribute to SBS. To exemplify the methodology, a qualitative determination and an evaluation of VOC present were performed in a dwelling where the occupants experienced the SBS symptoms. Higher total VOC (TVOC) value was detected in episodes in indoor air (1.33 ( 1.53 mg/m3) compared to outdoor air (0.71 ( 0.46 mg/m3). The concentrations of individual VOCs, such as ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, 1-butanol, acetic acid, acetonitrile and 1-metoxy-2-propanol, were also higher than the expected for a standard dwelling. The external source of VOC was found to be a not declared activity of storage and manipulation of solvents located at the bottom of a contiguous building.     

建筑节能

建筑节能是当今社会的热点问题。在中国,建筑用能约占商品能供应总量的1/3,并且有逐年增长的趋势。目前,中国既有的建筑面积已经超过400亿平方米,预计至2020年,城镇建筑面积将增加150亿平方米,而由此增加的建筑能耗约为上亿吨标煤。由此可见,建筑用能将是中国节能潜力巨大的领域之一。     

室内环境污染问题现状研究

首先介绍了室内环境污染问题的历史沿革,以及关于室内环境污染物质的种类、浓度及污染源的研究状况,并对国内外在室内环境污染物质的毒理学和室内环境污染的治理与控制的研究现状进行了综述,指出了中国进行室内环境污染系统研究的必要性。最后,通过分析综述的国内外关于室内环境污染和治理的研究进展,提出两个室内大气污染学科方面未来的研究重点;开展地域性的室内环境污染物分布情况的基础性研究;研制新的模块型的室内空气污染物处理系统。     

室内环境化学性污染物的种类及来源

室内环境中的化学性污染物主要有：甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氨气、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、总挥发性有机物TVOC和可吸入颗粒物。     

不同进风方式对住宅厨房炊事双重污染扩散影响数值模拟

我国常规住宅炊事废热和颗粒物双重污染较严重，厨房进风方式影响污染物扩散和分布。为了研究厨房不同进风方式下污染物扩散分布规律，建立小型住宅厨房物理模型，采用CFD软件模拟室内气流流动，基于离散相模型模拟颗粒物运动轨迹并得出质量浓度分布，选取了炊事过程实测数据验证模型。提出开窗进风、窗缝渗透进风、恒定进风量进风3种进风方式，假定540 m³/h、810 m³/h和1 080 m³/h 3种进风风量，根据典型气候区室外环境参数确定进风温度，数值模拟进风方式和风量对室内环境的影响。数值模拟结果显示：厨房颗粒物源散发率在0.6 mg/min时，室内呼吸区颗粒物质量浓度为0.025～0.277 mg/m³。合理地补充进风量能够降低室内颗粒物浓度，厨房窗口恒定风量进风有助于形成较好的室内环境。