Trisomy 8 mosaicism in chorionic villus sampling: Case report and counselling issues

We report an unusual case involving chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and trisomy 8 mosaicism. CVS showed a normal direct preparation while the culture showed mosaicism for trisomy 8. Subsequent amniocentesis revealed only normal chromosomes. A peripheral blood culture after birth revealed low-level trisomy 8 mosaicism. The patient appeared phenotypically and developmentally normal at 30 months of age. We conclude that prenatal counselling for similar cases needs to include the rare but real possibility that chromosome mosaicism detected prenatally may be found postnatally with largely unknown consequences. Secondly, low-level chromosomal mosaicism may be more common than previously recognized. Thirdly, very low-level trisomy 8 mosaicism may be compatible with a normal phenotype but long-term follow-up is required. And lastly, the use of fetal blood sampling is questionable in these cases because the phenotype may not be accurately predicted. Further studies of such cases are needed to address these important and unanswered issues, including the potential implication of mosaicism on academic performance and cognitive functioning.     

中国臭氧时空分布特征及与社会经济因素影响分析

本文根据2015～2017年中国大陆338个城市空气质量监测站臭氧(O_3)浓度数据,综合利用空间插值法、全局自相关法和地理加权回归模型(GWR),探讨了O_3浓度的时空变化特征及其与社会经济因素的关系。结果表明,2015～2017年中国大陆338个城市的O_3日最大8小时浓度为2～300μg/m~3,其中超标天数比例为5. 9%,323个城市达标率在85%以上; O_3月均值变化曲线基本呈"单峰状",5月达到峰值,12月最低; O_3浓度季节变化为夏季春季秋季冬季; O_3日变化特征为夜间到清晨O_3浓度很低,上午8∶00左右开始升高,下午16∶00达到峰值;中国华北地区、华东地区和华中地区O_3污染严重,华南地区、西南地区、西北地区和东北地区整体污染较低。O_3浓度在全国尺度上的集聚性呈上升趋势,GWR表明,人口密度、人均私家车保有量与O_3浓度显著正相关,第一产业占比与O_3浓度显著负相关。     

基于Landsat-8的城市湖泊水体总悬浮物吸收系数的遥感反演——以杭州西湖为例

近年来城市湖泊水质受到广泛关注.总悬浮物(total suspended matter,TSM)是水质和水环境评价的重要参数之一,其直接决定着水下光场分布,进而影响水体的初级生产力.本研究基于在杭州西湖的各湖区收集的遥感反射率(R_(rs),sr~(-1))数据和总悬浮物的吸收系数(a_p(440),m~(-1))进行高光谱建模,比较不同经验函数形式和不同模型输入的效果,得到高光谱下的最佳函数是指数函数,最佳模型输入是B1/B2或(B1-B2)/(B1+B2).其中,当模型输入为B1/B2和(B1-B2)/(B1+B2)时,模型R~20.6,波段B1和B2范围分别是580～690 nm和515～535 nm,及700～720 nm和515～615 nm.参照最佳波段范围和Landsat-8的波段设置,选定Landsat-8红色和绿色波段反演模型.并根据卫星数据验证结果,选定最优模型a_p(440)=51.17e~(-7.75x),x=(OLI3-OLI4)/(OLI3+OLI4),在3幅Landsat-8图像上应用模型,观察西湖TSM的变化.研究结果发现人类活动可能对西湖的TSM有很大的影响,并且我们的研究和结果有望为未来城市湖泊水质管理提供方法、数据和指导.     

欧洲规范关于延性桥梁抗震设计方法的安全性评价

评价了欧洲桥梁抗震设计规范 (Eurocode 8,part2 ) [1] 关于延性桥梁抗震设计方法的安全性。以一座高架桥横向抗震设计为例 ,按 3个不同的性能系数设计圆柱式桥墩 ,根据欧规规定的最小配箍率配置箍筋 ,使用自编程序MCAP[2 ] 评价其实际达到的延性水平 ,并通过非线性时程分析评价其抗震性能。结果表明 ,欧洲规范规定的最小配箍率足以保证结构达到预期的最低延性能力 ,性能系数具有相当大的安全储备。同时可以借鉴欧洲规范 ,作为延性桥梁抗震设计的一种安全设计方法。     

Cu2+/Na2S2O8体系中自由基的研究

利用自由基与乙醇和叔丁醇之间反应速率差异,研究在不同条件下Cu2+/Na2S2O8体系中产生自由基的状况.实验研究表明:Na2S2O8体系会产生·OH和SO-4由于Cu2+的催化作用,使用Cu2+Na2S2O8体系比单独使用Na2S2O8能产生更多的自由基·OH和SO-4.研究还发现:pH值降低能促进Na2S2O8分解产生自由基,但是会抑制SO-4转化为·OH;温度升高,Na2S2O8分解产生的·OH和SO-4均增加.     

阳离子交换树脂微柱分离测定矿石中锆的研究

建立了HD-8阳离子交换树脂微色谱柱分离富集矿石中锆的方法。研究了上柱酸度、淋洗液、洗脱液、干扰离子等对锆的吸附性能的影响。结果表明,上柱最佳酸度0.5~2 mol/L HCl、淋洗液1 mol/L HCl、洗脱液1 mol/L H2SO4,锆的吸附与洗脱效果最好。选用邻氯苯基荧光酮为显色剂,直接在硫酸介质中显色,胶束增溶光度法测定,操作简便,灵敏度高,选择性好。树脂的吸附容量为81.4 mg/g。与常规柱相比,微色谱柱吸附后,洗脱体积减少了16倍,柱效高,分离速度快,试剂用量少,灵敏度高。该方法可以用于实际矿石的分离测定,经标准值验证,测定值与标准值相近,多次平行测定后,方法的相对标准偏差为1.9%~2.7%,说明此法可用于分析实际样品。     

SO2衍生物对C57BL/6小鼠肝脏T细胞亚群CD4+/CD8+的影响

为探讨二氧化硫(SO2)的肝脏免疫毒理效应,利用流式细胞仪(FACS)检测技术,分析了SO2体内代谢衍生物——亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)与亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO3)混合液(两者摩尔比为3:1)腹腔注射染毒对C57BL/6小鼠肝脏淋巴细胞T细胞亚群CD4+和CD8+的百分数以及CD4+/CD8+细胞比值的影响.实验组剂量分别为25、100、400mg
83;kg-1(body weight),染毒一周后,制备肝脏淋巴细胞悬液,经特异性荧光标记的CD4(FITC)、CD8(PE)单克隆抗体染色后,采用FACS流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群百分数.研究发现:1)染毒后所有处理组肝脏CD4+T细胞所占的百分数显著升高(p<0.05);2)CD8+T细胞所占的百分数在100mg
83;kg-1、400mg
83;kg-1染毒组显著降低(p<0.05);3)CD4+/CD8+的比值在100mg
83;kg-1、400mg
83;kg-1染毒组显著升高(p<0.01).研究结果显示:SO2体内衍生物亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠可使肝脏CD4+/CD8+T细胞的比值显著升高,即SO2衍生物可使肝脏CD4和CD8淋巴细胞比例严重失调而使机体产生免疫紊乱.     

Label-free colorimetric nanosensor with improved sensitivity for Pb2+ in water by using a truncated 8–17 DNAzyme

&#8226; Unmodified-AuNP based, colorimetric nanosensor was constructed for Pb²⁺ detection. &#8226; 5-nucleotide truncation in DNAzyme made complete substrate detachment upon Pb²⁺. &#8226; Ultrasensitive and selective detection of Lead (II) was achieved with 0.2×10^-9 mol/L LOD. Water pollution accidents, such as the Flint water crisis in the United States, caused by lead contamination have raised concern on the safety of drinking water distribution systems. Thus, the routine monitoring of lead in water is highly required and demands efficient, sensitive, cost-effective, and reliable lead detection methods. This study reports a label-free colorimetric nanosensor that uses unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as indicators to enable rapid and ultra-sensitive detection of lead in environmental water. The 8&#8211;17 DNAzyme was truncated in this study to facilitate the detachment of single-stranded DNA fragments after substrate cleavage in the presence of Pb²⁺. The detached fragments were adsorbed over AuNPs and protected against salt concentration-induced aggregation. Accordingly, high Pb²⁺ would result in rapid color change from blue to pink. The established sensing principle achieved a sensitive limit of detection of 0.2×10^-9 mol/L Pb²⁺, with a linear working range of two orders of magnitude from 0.5×10^-9 mol/L to 5×10^-9 mol/L. The selectivity of the nanosensor was demonstrated by evaluating the interfering metal ions. The developed nanosensor can serve as a substitute for the rapid analysis and monitoring of trace lead levels under the drinking water distribution system and even other environmental water samples.     

8:2氟调聚醇(8:2FTOH)厌氧生物降解特性

为了阐明厌氧环境下全氟羧酸（PFCAs）等全氟化合物的迁移归趋,研究了8：2氟调聚醇（8：2FTOH）的厌氧降解性能.结果表明,取自市政污水处理厂的污泥在厌氧条件下可还原降解8：2FTOH,并生成氟离子、全氟类和多氟类降解产物,且降解过程可采用双指数衰减模型拟合.在为期120d的培养中,8：2FTOH的摩尔降解率高达（93.2±0.9）%;摩尔回收率则随着培养时间的增加有下降的趋势,由培养初期（1d）的（97.5±5.1）%下降至末期（120d）的（68.9±4.0）%,这说明在培养后期可能产生了未知的降解产物或生成了未知的挥发性产物.8：2不饱和氟调聚酸（8：2FTUA）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）分别是摩尔产率最高的多氟类和全氟类降解产物,分别介于（6.94±0.10）%~（24.2±1.5）%和（2.67±0.22）%~（14.9±1.0）%的范围内.多氟类降解产物的摩尔产率随培养时间的增加先增加后降低,而全氟类降解产物的摩尔产率则随培养时间的增加持续增加,这说明其可能分别为中间降解产物和最终降解产物.     

Effect of latex material on antioxidant enzymes,lipid peroxidation,DNA damage,and chromosomal aberration

Cell integrity is affected by oxidative stress when the production of active oxidants overwhelms antioxidant defense mechanisms. Latex, a natural polymer obtained from Hevea brasiliensis, is used in medical industry for manufacturing surgical gloves, urinary catheters, and dental dams. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of latex material on oxidative stress by in vivo and in vitro methods. In addition, the material was screened for its ability to induce any chromosomal aberrations (CAs) by in vitro method. In vivo studies were carried out with implanted latex material onto subcutaneous tissue of various batches of experimental Wistar rats. At the end of experimental period, animals were anesthetized, blood was collected for serum analysis, and sacrificed. Liver was excised for the determination of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Subcutaneous tissues were obtained for the extraction of genomic DNA from implanted animals and checked for the presence of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), considered an indicator of DNA damage. Simultaneously, in vitro studies were carried out using fresh liver and subcutaneous tissue obtained from Swiss albino mice treated with physiological saline extract of latex material. For the estimation of both in vitro and in vivo oxidative stress, 10% liver homogenate was assessed for stress indicators like reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, LPO and protein content. The results of both in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that the chemical leachents from the latex material did not significantly affect LPO and the levels of antioxidant enzymes. There was also no significant increase in 8-OHdG content due to the presence of implanted latex material. Finally, the results of in vitro CA test and G banding indicated that extracts of test material did not induce any chromosomal abnormalities.