生物质活性炭的制备及其染料废水中的应用

以城市污水厂活性污泥为原料,用3 mol/L ZnCl2溶液活化,通入水蒸气作活化气制备活性炭吸附剂.实验结果表明,温度为600℃条件下,活化时间为1 h,制得的活性炭其碘吸附值为374.10 mg/g,比表面积为381.62 m2/g,孔容积为0.25 cm3/g,微孔容积为0.11cm3/g.并进一步将生物质活性炭应用于染料废水的处理,考察了吸附时间、活性炭投加量和pH对色度及TOC的脱除效果的影响.室温下,酸性大红GR染料废水初始浓度为300 mg/L,污泥活性炭的最佳投加量为2%(质量分数),吸附15min,废水色度脱除率可达99.6%,TOC去除率可达99.7%,利用等温吸附实验作吸附等温线,吸附等温线可以用Freundlich或Langmuir方程描述.     

城市污水处理新工艺研究——高负荷生物吸附再生法

根据理论分析提出“生物吸附—沉淀—再生”的城市污水处理工艺,即高负荷生物吸附再生法。该工艺对污染物去除的作用主要包括污泥的絮凝作用、吸附作用和生物代谢作用,而以前两者的作用为主。对城市污水的生产性试验研究结果表明,该工艺能够较大程度地提高SS、COD、SCOD、BOD等污染物的去除率,具有明显的处理效果,对于西北干旱缺水地区实现污水资源化是一切实可行的方法。     

壳聚糖双冠醚的合成及其对金属离子的吸附性能研究

将二苯并16－冠－5氯代乙酸酯冠醚分别接枝到西佛碱型壳聚糖冠醚CT－15C和CT－18C上,制备了1,4－壳聚糖双冠醚CT－15CAC和CT－18CAC,经元素分析、FT－IR红外光谱分析和X－射线粉末衍射分析表征了结构。研究了CT－15CAC和CT－18CAC对Pd^2 、Ag^ 、Pt^4 、Au^3 、Cu^2 、Hg^2 的静态吸附性能,并与CT－15C和CT－18C进行了比较。结果表明,这4种吸附剂对贵金属离子如Au^3 、Ag^ 、Pt^4 、Pd^2 都具有较好的吸附性能,并能在Cu^2 和Hg^2 共存的条件下选择吸附Pd^2 ,而且壳聚糖双冠醚CT－15CAC和CT－18CAC比壳聚糖单冠醚CT－15C和CT－18C具有更好的选择性。     

Construction of MOFs-based nanocomposite membranes for emerging organic contaminants abatement in water

● Application of the MOF-composite membranes in adsorption was discussed. ● Recent application of MOFs-membranes for separation was summarized. ● Separation and degradation for emerging organic contaminants were described. Presence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in water is one of the major threats to water safety. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have investigated new approaches for their effective removal. Among them, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing attention since their first development thanks to their tunable metal nodes and versatile, functional linkers. However, whether or not MOFs have a promising future for practical application in emerging contaminants-containing wastewater is debatable. This review summarizes recent studies about the removal of EOCs using MOFs-related material. The synthesis strategies of both MOF particles and composites, including thin-film nanocomposite and mixed matrix membranes, are critically reviewed, as well as various characterization technologies. The application of the MOF-based composite membranes in adsorption, separation (nanofiltration and ultrafiltration), and catalytic degradation are discussed. Overall, literature survey shows that MOFs-based composite could play a crucial role in eliminating EOCs in the future. In particular, modified membranes that realize separation and degradation might be the most promising materials for such application.     

Lead removal from water using organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and inorganic-organic P-AAF, fixed bed filtration and surface-induced precipitation

Granular porous sorbents were normally used for heavy metals removal from water. To search for the new commercial sorbent and treatment strategy, an organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and phosphorus loading inorganic-organic AAF (P-AAF) were prepared and used for lead (Pb) removal from water. A new strategy of inorganic-organic coupling technology was proposed for Pb removal, based on the hypothesis of surface-induced precipitation mechanism. The AAF showed a Pb adsorption capacity of 417 mg/g from the Langmuir fitting, while the column filtration technology was further applied to measure the adsorption edge and applications. Effects of different initial Pb concentrations, hydraulic retention time, and co-existing P were considered in the filtration experiments. The presence of 0.8 mg/L P in water significantly improved the Pb breakthrough point from 15,000 to 41,000 bed volumes of water spiked with 85 µg/L Pb, while the P-AAF fixed bed showed better removal of Pb than AAF SEM/EDX and XRD spectra were employed for determining the surface functional groups and the formation of surface-induced precipitation of pyromorphite (Pb₅(PO₄)₃OH) on AAF. This study verified the application of AAF sorbent for Pb removal and the enhanced effect of coating P on AAF, thus improved our fundamental understanding and application of the surface chemistry process of Pb with P.     

两性修饰红薯渣对紫色土吸附Cu2+的影响

采用十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱对红薯渣（R）做两性修饰,修饰比例分别为0、100%和200%,将得到的3种两性修饰红薯渣（R、100BS-R和200BS-R）以1%质量分数加入紫色土（PS）中,制成PS（对照）、PSR、PS100BS-R和PS200BS-R 4种混合土样。用批量处理法探究各供试土样对Cu2+的吸附等温特征,并考察温度、pH值和离子浓度对Cu2+吸附的影响。结果表明：各混合土样对Cu2+的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量为99.46 mmol/kg~136.53 mmol/kg,Cu2+吸附量呈现PS200BS-R>PS100BS-R>PSR>PS的趋势。温度和pH值升高均有利于Cu2+被吸附,当离子浓度为01 mol/L时吸附效果最佳。     

Sorption of aromatic organophosphate flame retardants on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars

• TPhP showed faster and higher sorption on biochars than TPPO. • Pyrochars had higher sorption capacity for TPPO than hydrochar. • Hydrophobic interactions dominated TPhP sorption by biochars. • The π-π EDA and electrostatic interactions are involved in sorption. Aromatic organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) pollutants and biochars are commonly present and continually released into soils due to their increasingly wide applications. In this study, for the first time, the sorption of OPFRs on biochars was investigated. Although triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) have similar molecular structures and sizes, TPhP exhibited much faster and higher sorption than TPPO due to its stronger hydrophobicity, suggesting the dominant role of hydrophobic interactions in TPhP sorption. The π-π electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions also contributed to the sorption process, as suggested by the negative correlation between the sorption capacity of the aromatic OPFRs and the aromatic index (H/C atomic ratios) of biochar. Density functional theory calculations further showed that one benzene ring of aromatic OPFRs has no electrons, which may interact with biochar via π-π EDA interactions. The electrostatic attraction between the protonated P = O in OPFRs and the negatively charged biochar was found to occur at pH below 7. This work provides insights into the sorption behaviors and mechanisms of aromatic OPFRs by biochars.     

Comparison of batch, stirred flow chamber, and column experiments to study adsorption, desorption and transport of carbofuran within two acidic soils

Different methods (batch, column and stirred flow chamber experiments) used for adsorption and desorption of carbofuran studies were compared. All tested methods showed that the carbofuran adsorption was higher in the soil with the higher organic matter content, whereas the opposite behaviour was observed for the percentage of carbofuran desorbed. However, different methods have revealed some discrepancies in carbofuran adsorption/desorption kinetics. Although batch method showed interesting data on equilibrium experiments, such as a low heterogeneity for the carbofuran adsorption sites independent of soil organic matter content, it had some disadvantages for carbofuran adsorption/desorption kinetic studies. The disadvantages were related with the excessive limitations of this method on kinetics, i.e., no difference could be detected between different soils. However, with column and stirred flow chamber methods the carbofuran adsorption/desorption kinetics of different soils could be compared. Moreover, the absolute values of carbofuran adsorption/desorption and its rate were higher in the stirred flow chamber than in the batch and column experiments. Using stirred flow chamber experiments the carbofuran desorption was significantly faster than its adsorption, whereas carbofuran using column experiments they were similar. These discrepancies should be considered when the results obtained only with one method is discussed.     

Adsorption and characterization of MCPA on DDTMA- and raw-montmorillonite: Surface sites involved

The 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy acid (MCPA) is an herbicide widely used in agriculture, which generates a great concern about contamination of surface water and serious consequences for human health and the environment. In this work, the adsorption of MCPA on an Argentine montmorillonite (MMT) and its organo-montmorillonite product (OMMT) with different dodecyl trimethyl ammonium loading was investigated. MCPA adsorption on OMMT increases at least 3 times, with respect to the amount determined for MMT. X-ray diffraction and zeta potential analyses indicated the inner (interlayer) and outer surface participate as adsorption sites. Changes in surface electric charge and also interlayer expansion suggest that dimethyl amine (MCPA counterion) was also surface-adsorbed. The larger aggregates of OMMT, without and with MCPA, obtained compared to those of MMT samples, generate an improvement in the coagulation efficiency. This property, particularly after MCPA retention, allows an easier separation of the solids from the solution and enables a simple technological process application.     

Performance Evaluation of Waste Activated Carbon on Atrazine Removal from Contaminated Water

Abstract

In this study, the potential of spent activated carbon from water purifier (Aqua Guard, India) for the removal of atrazine (2 chloro-4 ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5 triazine) from wastewaters was evaluated. Different grades of spent activated carbon were prepared by various pretreatments. Based on kinetic and equilibrium study results, spent activated carbon with a grain size of 0.3–0.5 mm and washed with distilled water (designated as WAC) was selected for fixed column studies. Batch adsorption equilibrium data followed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm. Fixed bed adsorption column with spent activated carbon as adsorbent was used as a polishing unit for the removal of atrazine from the effluent of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating atrazine bearing domestic wastewater. Growth of bacteria on the surface of WAC was observed during column study and bacterial activity enhanced the effectiveness of adsorbent on atrazine removal from wastewater.