对建设项目大气污染预测的思考

通过多年环境影响评价的实践，发现在有些建设项目的环境影响评价中，大气污染预测结果与真实情况存在一定差距，影响了环境影响评价的准确性。本文对上述现象进行了认真的分析，并对大气污染预测工作应注意的问题提出了个人见解。     

大气污染物排放总量控制中环境质量保证率的探讨

针对大气污染物排放总量控制A值法，总量控制区在符合污染物年总量允许排放限值的情况下，不能保证污染物的单位小时环境质量浓度都能连续达标的问题。文章提出了总量控制A值法的环境质量保证概念，并运用总量控制的原理，提出小时／日环境质量保证率的量化公式，经过分析得到该保证率除了与污染物种类有关外，主要与A值的分布情况紧密相关。同时利用长江下游某地的2000年气象资料，分析该地区A值的变化趋势，求得该地区SO2和NO2环境质量的小时保证率分别为97.4%、90.2%，日保证率分别为90.2%、79.5%。     

长更号轮客舱内空气质量跟踪调查

对上海海运局所属长更轮进行了４个航次的客轮舱内的空气质量跟踪调查，主要监测了ＣＯ２、ＣＯ２、ＮＯｘ、ＣＨ２Ｏ和ＩＰ等污染因子，调查结果表现，三、四、五等客舱的室内空气均受到污染，相对而言，前两者污染较轻，而后者较严重，空气综合质量指数，甲板上的数据远小于１，三、四等客舱略大于１，五等客舱则远大于１。     

阜新市10年大气质量变化与分析

本文介绍了阜新市１９８１—１９９０年间大气质量变化情况，分析了引起这种变化的各种因素．提出了进一步改善阜新市大气环境的几点建议．     

混凝气浮处理含乳化液废水的试验研究

混凝气浮和混凝沉淀是水和废水处理中常用的工艺。目前 ,对混凝的研究大部分是基于沉淀进行的 ,而气浮对混凝各种影响因素的要求 ,尚不明确 ,本文采用 Al2 (SO4 ) 3· 1 8H2 O为混凝剂 ,以含有大量乳化液的工业废水为原水 ,对这一问题进行了系统的研究。实验结果表明 :混凝气浮是处理含乳化液废水可行的方法 ,同沉淀法相比 ,不但去除效果显著 ,还具有对 p H值、水温、污染物质负荷适应性强 ,投药量少、反应时间短等优点。本研究为混凝气浮处理含乳化液废水提供可靠的设计数据     

Statistical hypothesis testing formulations for U.S. environmental regulatory standards for ozone

Environmental regulatory standards are intended to protect human health and environmental welfare. Current standards are based on scientific and policy considerations but appear to lack rigorous statistical foundations and may have unintended regulatory consequences. We examine current and proposed U.S. environmental regulatory standards for ozone from the standpoint of their formulation and performance within a statistical hypothesis testing framework. We illustrate that the standards can be regarded as representing constraints on a percentile of the ozone distribution, where the percentile involved depends on the defined length of ozone season and the constraint is stricter in regions with greater variability. A hypothesis testing framework allows consideration of error rates (probability of false declaration of violation and compliance) and we show that the existing statistics on which the standards are based can be improved upon in terms of bias and variance. Our analyses also raise issues relating to network design and the possibilities of defining a regionally based standard that acknowledges and accounts for spatial and temporal variability in the ozone distribution.     

Distribution of mercury in the atmosphere over Idrija, Slovenia

Idrija mine, the second largest mercury mine in the world, was in use since 1490. More than 107 000 tons of Hg were produced in its five centuries of history until 1990 when production was reduced to a few hundred kilos per year. The average recovery rate of mercury has been estimated to 73%; much of the remaining 27% was dissipated into the environment. In spite of present minimal levels of production, and only a few days of smelter operation per year, a real time survey with a mercury Zeeman analyser in a car showed relatively high mercury concentrations in the air. Amounts of 300--4000 ng Hg ^m-3 have been found around both the major sources of mercury vapour, the smelter and mine ventilation shaft -- while the amounts at the Old Place, at the City Museum, and near the Nikova-Idrijca confluence are of the order of 50 ng m^-3. Polluted air will be transported from those sources to a degree which depends on the weather conditions, mainly the direction and intensity of the wind. The high mercury contents in the air are not only due to anthropogenic sources (smelter and the ventilation shaft, dumps and smelter slag used in construction), but may also partly be natural as in the Pront area, where the outcropping bedrock contains native mercury.     

城市主要大气污染物与呼吸系统疾病相关性浅析

根据监测资料得出，杭州市区大气中瓢法，二氧化硫、氮氧化物等浓度逐年略有上升的趋势。根据相同年份病谱分析，死于呼吸系统疾病的人数也相应增加，即呈正相关，其中，二氧化硫影响较大，提出了防治大气中二氧化硫污染的对策。     

Variability of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations and their driving forces over Chinese megacities during 2018-2020

Recently,air pollution especially?ne particulate matters (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) has become a severe issue in China.In this study,we?rst characterized the temporal trends of PM_2.5and O₃for Beijing,Guangzhou,Shanghai,and Wuhan respectively during 2018-2020.The annual mean PM_2.5has decreased by 7.82%-33.92%,while O₃concentration showed insigni?cant variations by-6.77%-4.65%during 2018-2020.The generalized additive models (GAMs) were ...     

气分含碱废水处理

通过对炼油厂气体分馏装置液化气洗水组成的分析，并根据出水指标，提出了处理方案，即提高操作温度、操作压力，保证S^2-去除率。