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91.
"九五"期间中国沿海有害赤潮灾害状况及其防治对策 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
有害赤潮不仅破坏了海洋生态环境,而且给沿海地区经济和人身健康造成的危害越来越大,开展有害赤潮的防治研究是促进沿海地区经济发展、保护人类健康的需要.本文分析了"九五"期间我国沿海赤潮灾害的状况,初步探讨了形成赤潮灾害的各种因素,并根据国内外报道的最新赤潮防治方法,提出了针对于我国赤潮防治工作的几点建议. 相似文献
92.
藻类生物技术在水环境保护中的应用前景探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简要综述了藻类生物技术在水污染生态毒理学和污水生物净化方面的研究成果及应用实例,同时对其研究前景进行了探讨。应用藻类生物检测技术对重金属、农药、有机污染物、有毒有害废弃物等的毒性评价结果证明,一些二价重金属阳离子对藻类的毒性顺序大致为Hg~(2+),Cd~(2+),Cu~(2+),Ni~(2+)和 Zn~(2+);酚类、酯类和芳烃类有机污染物对藻类生长的抑制作用十分显著;农药对藻类的毒害作用主要通过破坏藻类生物膜的结构和功能而抑制藻类的光合作用、呼吸作用和固氮作用。有关藻类污水处理的研究资料显示,阳光的强弱,污水在系统内的停留时间,藻类生物量的多寡是确保藻类污水处理效果的关键。 相似文献
93.
Impacts of algal blooms removal by chitosan-modified soils on zooplankton
community in Taihu Lake, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jiajia Ni Yuhe Yu Weisong Feng Qingyun Yan Gang Pan Bo Yang Xiang Zhang Xuemei Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(10):1500-1507
It is important to assess the e ect on zooplankton when perform the environmental protection or restoration technology, especially
removing algal blooms, because algae were the major primary producer in algal lakes. The influence on zooplankton community after
half a year of algal blooms removed by chitosan-modified soils in Taihu Lake was assessed and the rationality of carrying out the
process semiannually was evaluated in the present study. Morphological composition and genetic diversity of zooplankton community
were investigated by microscope checkup and polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). A total
of 44 zooplankton taxa (23 protozoa, 17 rotifers, 3 copepoda and 1 cladocera) were detected by microscope checkup, and a total of
91 bands (28 bands amplified by primers F1427-GC and R1616, 63 bands amplified by primers Fung-GC and NS1) were detected by
PCR-DGGE. The results of cluster analysis or detrended correspondence analysis indicated that there was no considerable di erence
in morphological composition of zooplankton and DGGE profiles between experimental and control sites, and DGGE profiles could
represent the biologic diversity. The study showed that zooplankton community could recover original condition after half year of algal
blooms removed by chitosan-modified soils and it was acceptable to apply this process semiannually. In addition, the results revealed
that PCR-DGGE could be applied to investigate the impacts of the environmental protection or restoration engineering on zooplankton
community diversity. 相似文献
94.
Yoshimasa Amano Yusuke Sakai Takumi Sekiy Kimitaka Takey Kazuo Taki Motoi Machida 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(11):1666-1673
Tega-numa (Lake Tega) is one of the eutrophic lakes in Japan. For the improvement of water quality in Lake Tega, the Northchiba
Water Conveyance Channel was constructed in 2000, which transfer water from Tone River into the lake. After 2000, the
dominant species of diatoms, mainly Cyclotella sp., have been replacing blue-green algae, mainly Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake
Tega. This transition of dominant species would be due to the dilution, but the detail mechanism has not been understood yet. This
study examined the relationship between phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution to Lake Tega and dominance of algal
species, M. aeruginosa or Cyclotella sp. based on the single-species and the mixed-species culture experiments. The single-species
culture experiment showed that the half-saturation constant and uptake rate of phosphorus were one order lower and seven times higher
for M. aeruginosa than those for Cyclotella sp. These findings implied that M. aeruginosa would possess a potential for the growth
and survival over Cyclotella sp. in the phosphorus limited condition. The superiority of M. aeruginosa was reflected in the outcome of
the mixed-species culture experiment, i.e., dominance of M. aeruginosa, even phosphorus concentration was lowered to 0.01 mg-P/L.
Therefore, it could be concluded that the decrease in phosphorus concentration due to the river water dilution to Lake Tega would be
interpreted as a minor factor for the transition of dominant species from M. aeruginosa to Cyclotella sp. 相似文献
95.
96.
边归国 《中国ISO14000认证》2012,(1):45-49
2009年初以来,在福建省九龙江北溪的支流和干流连续发生了拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsis penardii)水华。经检测,拟多甲藻水华没有明显的生物毒性,但其所形成的深褐色水色和轻微藻腥味对该流域的龙岩、漳州和厦门三城市的生产和生活是造成了一定的影响。研究结果表明,在甲藻水华的防治与应急处置过程中,必须进一步加强组织体系建设,明确各职能部门职责,并根据不同水域的实际情况和季节变化,采取相应的物理、化学和生物方法予以防治和应急处置。 相似文献
97.
98.
MU Rui-min FAN Zheng-qiu PEI Hai-yan YUAN Xue-liang Liu Si-xiu WANG Xiang-rong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(11):1336-1340
Water blooms have become a worldwide environmental problem.Recently,algicidal bacteria have attracted wide attention as possible agents for inhibiting algal water blooms.In this study,one strain of algicidal bacterium B5 was isolated from activated sludge.On the basis of analysis of its physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence,it was identified as Bacillusfusiformis.Its algae- lysing characteristics on Microcystis aeruginosa,Chlorella and Scenedesmus were tested.The results showed that:(1)the algicidal bacterium B5 is a Gram-negative bacterium.The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence homology of strain B5 with 2 strains of B.fusiformis reached 99.86%,so B5 was identified as B.fusiformis;(2)the algal-lysing effects of the algicidal bacterium B5 on M.aeruginosa, Chlorella and Scenedesmus were pronounced.The initial bacterial and algal cell densities strongly influence the removal rates of chlorophyll-α.The greater the initial bacterial cell density,the faster the degradation of chlorophyll-α.The greater the initial algal cell density,the slower the degradation of chlorophyll-α.When the bacterial cell density was 3.6 x l07 cells/ml,nearly 90% of chlorophyll-αwas removed.When the chlorophyll-αconcentration was less than 550μg/L,about 70% was removed;(3)the strain B5 lysed algae by secreting metabolites and these metabolites could bear heat treatment. 相似文献
99.
In an attempt to elucidate the effects of different CO2 concentrations (270, 380, and 750 μL/L) on the competition of microcystin-producing (MC-producing) and non-MC-producing Microcystis strains during dense cyanobacteria blooms, an in situ simulation experimentwas conducted in the Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu in the summer of 2012. The abundance of total Microcystis and MC-producing Microcystis genotypes was quantified based on the 16S rDNA and mcyD gene using real-time PCR. The results showed that atmospheric CO2 elevation would significantly decrease the pH value and increase the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration. Changes in CO2 concentration did not show significant influence on the abundance of total Microcystis population. However, CO2 concentrations may be an important factor in determining the subpopulation structure of Microcystis. The enhancement of CO2 concentrations could largely increase the competitive ability of non-MC-producing over MC-producing Microcystis, resulting in a higher proportion of non-MC-producing subpopulation in treatments using high CO2 concentrations. Concurrently, MC concentration in water declined when CO2 concentrations were elevated. Therefore, we concluded that the increase of CO2 concentrations might decrease potential health risks of MC for human and animals in the future. 相似文献
100.
Using chitosan modified soil to flocculate and sediment algal cells has been considered as a promising strategy to combat cyanobacteria blooms in natural waters. However, the flocculation efficiency often varies with algal cells with different zeta potential (ZP) attributed to different growth phases or water conditions. This article investigated the relationship between ZP of Microcystis aeruginosa and its influence to the flocculation efficiency using chitosan modified soil. Results suggested that the optimal removal efficiency was obtained when the ZP was between − 20.7 and − 6.7 mV with a removal efficiency of more than 80% in 30 min and large floc size of > 350 μm. When the algal cells were more negatively charged than − 20.7 mV, the effect of chitosan modified soil was depressed (< 60%) due to the insufficient charge density of chitosan to neutralize and destabilize the algal suspension. When the algal cells were less negative than − 6.7 mV or even positively charged, a small floc size (< 120 μm) was formed, which may be difficult to sink under natural water conditions. Therefore, manipulation of ZP provided a viable tool to improve the flocculation efficiency of chitosan modified soil and an important guidance for practical engineering of cyanobacteria bloom control. 相似文献