Insights on the solubilization products after combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sewage sludge

This work provides insights on the solubilization products after a simultaneous combination of alkaline and ultrasonic (ALK + ULS) pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased from 1200 to 11,000 mg/L after such treatment. Organics with molecular weight around 5.6 kDa were solubilized because of the synergistic effect of ultrasound and alkali. Organics with molecular weight larger than 300 kDa increased from 7.8% to 60%, 16% and 42.3% after ULS, ALK and ALK + ULS treatment, respectively. Excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis identified soluble microbial product-like and humic acid-like matters as the main solubilization products. Sludge anaerobic biodegradability was significantly enhanced with the simultaneous application of ALK + ULS pre-treatment. ALK + ULS pre-treatment resulted in 37.8% biodegradability increase compared to the untreated sludge. This value was higher compared to the biodegradability increase induced by individual ALK pre-treatment (5.7%) or individual ULS pre-treatment (20.7%) under the same conditions applied.     

Insights on the solubilization products after combined alkaline and ultrasonic pre-treatment of sewage sludge

This work provides insights on the solubilization products after a simultaneous combination of alkaline and ultrasonic (ALK + ULS) pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased from 1200 to 11,000 mg/L after such treatment. Organics with molecular weight around 5.6 kDa were solubilized because of the synergistic effect of ultrasound and alkali. Organics with molecular weight larger than 300 kDa increased from 7.8% to 60%, 16% and 42.3% after ULS, ALK and ALK + ULS treatment, respectively. Excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis identified soluble microbial product-like and humic acid-like matters as the main solubilization products. Sludge anaerobic biodegradability was significantly enhanced with the simultaneous application of ALK + ULS pre-treatment. ALK + ULS pre-treatment resulted in 37.8% biodegradability increase compared to the untreated sludge. This value was higher compared to the biodegradability increase induced by individual ALK pre-treatment (5.7%) or individual ULS pre-treatment (20.7%) under the same conditions applied.     

烧蚀RT不稳定性X射线分幅诊断研究进展

在神光Ⅱ装置上,利用高动态范围高性能X射线分幅相机开展了辐射驱动烧蚀RT不稳定性面背光实验研究.在神光Ⅱ8路2ns辐射源和第九路Mo背光条件下,利用二维时空照相获得了周期20μm、初始扰动1μm烧蚀RT样品清晰的增长过程,并通过掺Br比例1.1%样品观测到RT非线性增长的结果.实验为惯性约束聚变（inertialconfinement fusion,ICF）RT不稳定性定量表征和数值模拟奠定了良好的基础.     

根际微生物耦合降解系统的构建及其对蒽污染土壤的修复

摘要将增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)标记的黄麻土生根际优势菌Tu-1B分别与葸高效降解菌An-2和生物表面活性剂产生菌P7-50进行原生质体电融合，得到两株具有荧光标记的融合子Tu-An和Tu-P．将二融合子接种于植物根际土壤，构建根际微生物耦合降解系统，：在40d时该系统的最大降解率为96％．对根际土壤中的Tu-An融合子进行了检测，结果表明融合子在根际能稳定旺盛生长．图3表4参18     

黑液电渗析碱回收的研究

针对造纸黑液的碱性及污染严重的特点，采用单阳膜电渗析法对黑液中的碱加以回收．并研究了电渗析操作中如电流密度，黑液浓度，温度等因素的影响．综合考虑得到电流密度３５０Ａ／ｍ２，电流效率８５％～９０％，碱回收率７０％～７５％，耗电量５０００～６０００ＫＷＨ／ｔ碱的结论     

环烷酸污水和柴油罐区脱水的综合治理

针对环境酸污水和柴油罐区脱出污水浓度高难治理的特点，提出了隔油－酸化－分油－中和－浮选等工序的预处理方案，然后再送至污水处理场处理，达到了预期效果。     

原生质体融合构建高产碱性蛋白酶工程菌

用原生质体融合的方法，将碱性蛋白酶生产菌2709与含有碱性蛋白酶基因克隆载体pDW2的工程菌枯草杆菌BD105进行细胞融合，得到1株高产碱性蛋白酶的工程菌A16，菌落的原位杂交表明，该菌株携有双亲的遗传物质，A16的表型与生长特征与2709相似，但同样条件下发酵酶活比2709高50%-100%，摇瓶发酵的产酶水平最高可达30000u/mL,A16发酵所产酶的最适pH与耐温性及发酵条件等特征均与2709相同。适用于工业生产。     

面向危险化学品运输监测系统的信息融合模型构建

设计一种可用于危化品运输全过程安全状态实时监测的多参数监测系统,并以该系统为基础,构建面向危化品运输安全监测系统的多传感器信息融合模型。该模型综合利用系统监测到的多种参数信息,通过数据预处理、特征提取和状态判决、形势判决、危险态势估计和预测等4个级别的信息融合,结合危险报警模块和数据库管理系统,自动分析被测数据,最终达到对危化品运输安全分类、分级、分层次报警的目的。以该模型为基础讨论部分信息融合算法并设计相应的软件,在实际构建的针对液化石油气的危化品安全监测系统中进行应用试验,结果说明了信息融合模型的有效性。     

用电厂粉煤灰试制枸溶性磷肥的研究

本文对用粉煤灰制肥料的可行性进行了研究,选用磷矿石、助熔剂,添加剂和粉煤灰以适当的比例混合后熔融,使混合物料中的非枸溶性成分转化成能被植物吸收的枸溶性成分。经上百次熔融实验,对物料的配比及工艺条件进行筛选,确定出最佳配料参数和工艺操作条件。所研制肥料的吃灰量可达40％,并具有复合肥的作用和较好的肥效。     

Genetic relationships between roost-mates in a fission–fusion society of tree-roosting big brown bats (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eptesicus fuscus</Emphasis>)

Kin-based patterns of associations are often observed in group living mammals. Colonies of forest-living big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) exhibit fission–fusion roosting behavior and female philopatry. Within a roosting area of forest, adult females are distributed into several subgroups roosting in different trees during the day. At night, adult females leave the roost subgroups to forage and, upon return to the roosting area at dawn, both the individual composition and location of subgroups often change. Individuals exhibit nonrandom roosting associations, and we hypothesized that genetic relationships would influence roosting associations. We determined (1) whether the strength of roosting associations between pairs of bats (based on radiotelemetry) was correlated with relatedness, (2) whether individuals that roosted together in roost subgroups were more related than by chance, and (3) from roost subgroups, the pairs of bats that roosted nonrandomly and whether the proportion of related pairs was higher than expected at random. Relatedness measures were based on microsatellite genotyping and mitochondrial DNA sequences. We found from all analyses that roosting associations were not influenced by relatedness or matrilineal relationships. These results provide clear evidence that, contrary to other mammals, kinship does not mediate roosting associations within forest living big brown bats that exhibit fission–fusion roosting behavior.