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41.
针对炼油厂废碱液存在的问题,研究一种新处理技术—溶剂萃取、破乳和臭氧氧化。为了解不同水质、pH值、温度的影响而进行试验研究,并获得了最佳操作参数。试验结果表明该技术在脱酚、除油、脱色脱臭方面是一种有效方法。 相似文献
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了解O3污染的垂直分布对于充分理解O3在大气中的扩散和输送具有重要意义.本研究利用最优插值法实现了高塔与激光雷达O3观测数据的融合,并基于垂直观测融合数据对2021年10月广州市一次O3污染过程进行分析,结果表明:(1)不同时刻的O3浓度均大致呈现出随高度上升先升后降的变化趋势,平均相对高值主要分布在300~500 m,最高值出现在400 m附近.(2)结合边界层高度分析可知,白天的O3生成和扩散基本均在边界层以内进行,夜间普遍存在O3残留问题,而在污染日尤其显著,表明白天光化学反应生成的高浓度O3是夜间残留层中O3的来源.(3)污染期间,不同大气污染物形成了不同的垂直分层,具体表现为较高浓度的PM2.5和NO2在中、低层积累,而高层(约200~600 m)则维持高浓度O3的污染垂直分布结构.推测原因在于南北气流对峙及夜间稳定... 相似文献
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采用络合萃取法处理金刚烷胺制药废水,考察了初始pH、络合剂种类、稀释剂配比、油/水相比和反应温度等对废水中金刚烷胺萃取效率的影响,并对萃取剂中金刚烷胺进行了反萃取分离回收. 结果表明:采用V(P204)〔P204为二(2-乙基己基磷酸)〕∶V(正辛醇)为3∶2的复配萃取剂处理金刚烷胺制药废水,在初始pH为8.0、油/水相比为1∶1和温度为25 ℃的条件下,能够去除废水中99.7%以上的金刚烷胺;在反萃取过程中,V(P204)∶V(正辛醇)为1∶4的复配萃取剂可以获得更高的反萃取效率,以1.0 mol/L的HCl溶液为反萃取剂,当油/水相比为1∶1时,可将51.7%的金刚烷胺从萃取剂中反萃分离,回收得到的金刚烷胺盐酸盐溶液可以回用到生产工艺中,P204-正辛醇复配萃取剂可在萃取和反萃取过程中多次重复使用. 相似文献
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固相萃取和高效液相色谱联用测定污水中的五氯苯酚 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用固相萃取和高效液相色谱相结合的方法对污水中五氯苯酚的含量进行定量检测。结果表明,污水的pH值为4,流速控制在4mL/L以内,C18固相萃取柱对五氯苯酚有良好的吸附保留性能,以2mL的甲醇洗脱,洗脱效率在85%~95%之间。与传统的液液萃取相比,固相萃取的优势在于操作时间缩短、有机溶剂的使用量减少。 相似文献
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V. Sivakumar V. Ravi Verma P.G. Rao G. Swaminathan 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2007,15(18):1813-1818
Focus on eco-friendly processing techniques makes vegetable tanning a viable option in leather processing and establishes the subsequent need for the more efficient methods of extraction in tannin manufacture. Application of ultrasound has been tried in the extraction of tannins from myrobalan nuts in order to improve the extraction efficiency, to perform the extraction under milder process conditions and to reduce the process time. The influence of process parameters such as ultrasonic output power, time and temperature has been studied. Scale-up trials and the use of ultrasound in pulse mode have also been attempted. The results show that a three- to fivefold improvement is possible with ultrasonic output from 20 to 100 W. Extraction efficiency has been calculated from the maximum extractable materials from myrobalan nuts. Extraction efficiency is found to be 90% for ultrasound, 100 W without external heating as compared to 77% for control process at 70 °C for 4 h. Therefore, ultrasound could be employed even dispensing with provision for temperature controls. The use of ultrasound in pulse mode offered 70% extraction efficiency of continuous mode. Scale-up trials indicate that there exists an optimum ultrasonic output power depending on the amount of nuts used, to achieve better extraction efficiency. The effectiveness of ultrasonically extracted tannin solution has also been tested in the tanning process for its applicability. The degree of tanning efficacy has been assessed by shrinkage temperature measurement. The results indicate that ultrasonically extracted tannin solution is suitable for tanning process. Therefore, application of ultrasound in tannin extract manufacture is a viable option with added advantages. 相似文献
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Xuejun Guo Kunpeng Wang Mengchang He Ziwei Liu Hailin Yang Sisi Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(7):1549-1556
A large amount of solid waste has been produced by the antimony smelting process in the"World Capital of Antimony", Xikuangshan area in China. This study comprehensively investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of the various solid wastes, as well as the leaching behavior of the solid wastes, which included water-quenched slag,arsenic-alkali residue, desulfurized slag and blast furnace dust. These four types of waste were enriched in a variety of heavy metals and metalloids and more specifically with As and Sb levels up to 8.6 × 104 and 3.16 × 105mg/kg, respectively, in arsenic-alkali residue. For desulfurized slag and water-quenched slag, the leaching concentration of Sb significantly exceeded the acceptable limits during the leaching tests using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure. In addition, As leaching in arsenic-alkali residue was extraordinarily hazardous, being three orders of magnitude higher than the regulatory level of As. According to the results of the extraction tests, all the tested wastes were classified as hazardous waste. 相似文献
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