酒泉市近十年空气质量变化趋势研究

利用Daniel趋势检验法和综合污染指数法对酒泉市2009-2018年的环境空气监测数据进行分析研究,结果表明:环境空气质量综合污染指数呈现先升高后下降的趋势,但变化趋势不明显,2014年以来空气质量有改善趋势。     

环境空气中异丙醇的测定

建立了顶空气相色谱法测定环境空气中异丙醇的方法。空气中异丙醇经蒸馏水吸附,顶空进样氢火焰离子化检测器检测,时间定性,峰面积定量。本方法前处理简便,分析灵敏度高,不使用有机试剂,满足环境分析要求。     

非致癌有机物水质基准的推导方法研究

基于美国环保局发表的环境水质基准(AWQC)推导方法,本文着重从理论上研究并讨论了非致癌有机物环境水质基准的推导过程。以1,2,4-三氯苯为例,计算了它的AWQC值。     

Statistical hypothesis testing formulations for U.S. environmental regulatory standards for ozone

Environmental regulatory standards are intended to protect human health and environmental welfare. Current standards are based on scientific and policy considerations but appear to lack rigorous statistical foundations and may have unintended regulatory consequences. We examine current and proposed U.S. environmental regulatory standards for ozone from the standpoint of their formulation and performance within a statistical hypothesis testing framework. We illustrate that the standards can be regarded as representing constraints on a percentile of the ozone distribution, where the percentile involved depends on the defined length of ozone season and the constraint is stricter in regions with greater variability. A hypothesis testing framework allows consideration of error rates (probability of false declaration of violation and compliance) and we show that the existing statistics on which the standards are based can be improved upon in terms of bias and variance. Our analyses also raise issues relating to network design and the possibilities of defining a regionally based standard that acknowledges and accounts for spatial and temporal variability in the ozone distribution.     

Atmospheric deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in urban and suburban areas of Korea

Bulk atmospheric samples (wet and dry) were collected monthly throughout a year at urban and suburban areas of Korea to assess the deposition flux and seasonal variations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The PCDDs/DFs deposition fluxes ranged from 1.0 to 3.7 ng TEQ/m²/year in the urban area and from 0.5 to 4.6 ng TEQ/m²/year in the suburban area. The deposition fluxes of PCDDs/DFs in this study were comparable to or lower than those previously reported at different locations. The atmospheric deposition fluxes of particles and PCDDs/DFs in winter tended to be higher than those in summer. However, monthly variations between particle and PCDDs/DFs deposition fluxes were small, and the correlation coefficients between the deposition fluxes of air particles and each homologue group of PCDDs/DFs varied according to the degree of chlorination of the homologue group. The deposition velocity of PCDDs/DFs in the urban area was estimated at 0.04 cm/s, which is a lower value than those found in other studies. The two most likely factors affecting the monthly variation of deposition fluxes are the ambient temperature and the amount of precipitation. In particular, the ambient temperature had an influence on the lower chlorinated homologues of PCDDs/DFs while precipitation had an influence on the higher chlorinated PCDDs/DFs. The PCDDs/DFs profiles in atmospheric deposition bulk samples showed a similar pattern at the urban and suburban sites. The possibility of the loading of PCDDs/DFs by Asian dust events could be partly confirmed by investigation of homologue profiles.     

Ambient air quality standards in China

China recently announced ambient air quality standards. This article describes the standards and compares them with standards that exist in the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, and the United States. An unusual feature of the Chinese standards is the establishment of different classes of standards, applicable in different types of areas. The present status of air pollution in several Chinese cities is examined. Data on the levels of suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide in several Chinese cities are presented. Some of the difficulties involved in implementing the new standards are discussed.Work undertaken while at the Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center, and School of Public Health, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.     

环境空气中多环芳烃类测定方法研究

采用自行研究制作的采样装置采集环境空气(包括气相和颗粒物)中的多环芳烃,用乙醚-正己烷混合溶剂提取,提取液经硅胶柱净化后,用液相色谱检测。并就PAHs在大气环境中的存在状态进行了研究。     

中美两国环境空气质量标准比较

比较了中美两国环境空气质量标准的制定依据、功能区划分、标准级别、污染物项目、取值时间和污染物质量浓度限值等内容。指出美国环境空气质量标准的修订频次高于我国；污染物控制项目较我国少；标准级别的制定和污染物质量浓度限值总体上较我国宽松。但是，美国环境空气质量标准注重对人体健康影响较大的污染物如PM2.5的控制。     

上海市环境空气NO2浓度时空分布特征

为监测机动车尾气造成的氧化型光化学烟雾的污染，采用被动扩散管的监测方法在上海布设65个监测点位，经13个月的连续监测，得出了上海市环境空气中NO2浓度时空分布特征及污染的重点区域，NO2时空分布主要特征：NO2高浓度值出现在交通主干道上（高架出口、隧道口、车辆堵塞的交通要道）；NO2浓度空间分布呈市中心区→市郊区→外围农村区逐渐减弱的趋势；总体时序分布呈秋冬季高于春夏季的变化趋势。     

西南某化工园区周边区域环境空气中苯系物和卤代烃的污染特征及健康风险研究

于2020年8月和11月,在中国西南某化工园区周边6个采样点采集环境空气样品,对5种典型苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间/对二甲苯)和7种典型卤代烃(三氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯化碳、四氯乙烯、三溴甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷)进行研究,明确了区域典型苯系物和卤代烃(BSHs)的污染特征,并评估其对人体的健康风险。结果表明:化工园区周边环境空气中苯系物检出率均 60%,卤代烃中除三溴甲烷、一溴二氯甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷外,检出率均 50%。苯系物和卤代烃的平均质量浓度分别为4.14～11.19μg/m~3和0.30～10.86μg/m~3。BSHs的浓度夏季低于冬季,这可能与人为的季节性燃烧源有关。苯、四氯化碳和四氯乙烯超过国际WELL建筑标准v2,全年超标率分别为3.33%,8.33%和11.67%。BSHs的非致癌和致癌风险均为成人儿童,成人和儿童的非致癌总风险分别为1.87×10~(-2)和1.26×10~(-2),处于可接受水平;成人和儿童的致癌风险分别为1.76×10~(-3)和1.19×10~(-3),处于不可接受水平。