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11.
Belias CV Bikas VG Dassenakis MJ Scoullos MJ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(5):287-295
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Over the last decade Greece has become a leading country in the EU as concerns the cage farming of seabream and seabass. A strong debate has risen, however, about the environmental impacts of aquacultures in the coastal areas. The present paper deals with this problem and it is based on measurements of physico-chemical parameters in the water column, particulate matter and sediments in the area of Astakos Gulf, a coastal embayment in western Greece where three big fish farms are currently operating. METHODS: Water samples were collected by using Hydro-Bios sampling bottles, whereas a prototype sediment trap was installed under a fish cage for the collection of particulate matter. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity were measured in situ using portable equipment. Nutrients were determined by standard spectrophotometric methods. Trace metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Dissolved organic carbon was determined by a Shimadzu 5000A carbon analyzer, whereas organic carbon in sediments was determined titrimetrically. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: No clear eutrophication incidents have been identified, although the water column near the fish farms was enriched in nutrients and organic carbon. A sludge 'blanket' covers considerable parts of the seabed and is enriched in colloidal organic carbon and trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe and Zn) that come from unused fish food. The biodegradation of this sludge leads to the development of anoxic conditions followed by the formation of undesirable gases, precipitation or remobilization of metals and the extinction of benthic fauna. CONCLUSION: The operation of fish farms at the coastal area of Astakos Gulf, and probably in similar Mediterranean gulfs, affects the marine environment, particularly in the vicinity of the cages. The most significant influence concerns the near-bottom water layer. The environmental impacts depend on the amount of food given to fishes, the mode of feeding, the fish density in cages, the annual production and the years of unit operation. The hydrology and the geomorphology of the area are also critical factors for its environmental quality. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The success of the fish-farming sector in the Mediterranean is accompanied by environmental and, in some extents, by social and marketing problems. These problems, derived from the rapid development of fish farming, can be solved only through an integrated management, using methods such as environmental impact assessment, risk assessment, economic evaluation, vulnerability assessments, resource accounting, cost-benefit analysis and outcome-based monitoring. 相似文献
12.
Jean-Paul Schwitzguébel Hailong Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(7):446-544
Goal, Scope and Background Aquaculture activities are well known to be the major contributor to the increasing level of organic waste and toxic compounds
in the aquaculture industry. Along with the development of intensive aquaculture in China, concerns are evoked about the possible
effects of everincreasing aquaculture waste both on productivity inside the aquaculture system and on the ambient aquatic
ecosystem. Therefore, it is apparent that appropriate waste treatment processes are needed for sustaining aquaculture development.
This review aims at identifying the current status of aquaculture and aquaculture waste production in China.
Main Features China is the world’s largest fishery nation in terms of total seafood production volume, a position it has maintained continuously
since 1990. Freshwater aquaculture is a major part of the Chinese fishery industry. Marine aquaculture in China consists of
both land-based and offshore aquaculture, with the latter mostly operated in shallow seas, mud flats and protected bays. The
environmental impacts of aquaculture are also striking.
Results Case studies on pollution hot spots caused by aquaculture have been introduced. The quality and quantity of waste from aquaculture
depends mainly on culture system characteristics and the choice of species, but also on feed quality and management. Wastewater
without treatment, if continuously discharged into the aquatic environment, could result in remarkable elevation of the total
organic matter contents and cause considerable economy lost. Waste treatments can be mainly classified into three categories:
physical, chemical and biological methods.
Discussion The environmental impacts of different aquaculture species are not the same. New waste treatments are introduced as references
for the potential development of the waste treatment system in China. The most appropriate waste treatment system for each
site should be selected according to the sites’ conditions and financial status as well as by weighing the advantages and
disadvantages of each system. Strategies and perspectives for sustainable aquaculture development are proposed, with the emphasis
on environmental protection.
Conclusions Negative effects of waste from aquaculture to aquatic environment are increasingly recognized, though they were just a small
proportion to land-based pollutants. Properly planned use of aquaculture waste alleviates water pollution problems and not
only conserves valuable water resources but also takes advantage of the nutrients contained in effluent. It is highly demanding
to develop sustainable aquaculture which keeps stocking density and pollution loadings under environmental capacity.
Recommendations and Perspectives The traditional procedures for aquaculture waste treatment, mainly based on physical and chemical means, should be overcome
by more site-specific approaches, taking into account the characteristics and resistibility of the aquatic environment. Further
research needs to improve or optimize the current methods of wastewater treatment and reuse. Proposed new treatment technology
should evaluate their feasibility at a larger scale for practical application.
ESS-Submission Editor: Dr. Ding Wang (wangd@ihb.ac.cn) 相似文献
13.
14.
An ecosystem model for estimating potential shellfish culture production in sheltered coastal waters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A generic ecosystem model has been developed for estimating the potential production of shellfish culture and the effect of that cultivation on the pelagic ecosystem in sheltered coastal waters. The model describes the dynamics of a simple food web, nutrient cycling and growth of shellfish. The design of the model is closely tied to the temporal and spatial scales that are important in determining the sustainable production level for a particular embayment. The pelagic ecosystem, mussel energetics, population dynamics and hydrodynamics are coupled to allow fully dynamic predictions of the effect of the shellfish density. When applied to Beatrix Bay, an intensive culture embayment in the Pelorus Sound of New Zealand, the model successfully captured main features of the observed system behaviour. The hydrodynamic regime of the bay controls mussel growth and production. Although high fluxes of water into the bay suppress nutrient and carbon cycling signals in the system, the model simulations demonstrated that the mussel cultivation can have considerable effects on the ecosystem of the bay including food depletion and nutrient cycling. One of the most obvious effects is nutrient enhancement through mussel excretion at low cultivation densities, which promotes primary production particularly during the N-limitation period in summer. The sensitivity analysis identified uncertainty in some parameters and indicated areas for which experimental studies could lead to model improvement. The modelling exercise has established a primary predictive tool for managing mussel aquaculture of a coastal embayment to estimate relationships between the stock level and the growth rate of mussels, and the potentially achievable harvest and stocking density. 相似文献
15.
Calculating ecological carrying capacity of shellfish aquaculture using mass-balance modeling: Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Increasing growth in the aquaculture industry demands ecosystem-based techniques for management if that growth is to be ecologically sustainable and promote equity among users of the ecosystems in which it occurs. Models of carrying capacity can be used to responsibly limit the growth of aquaculture in increasingly crowded coastal areas. Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA is one such crowded coastal region experiencing a rapid increase in bivalve aquaculture. An ecosystem mass-balance model was used to calculate the ecological carrying capacity of bivalve aquaculture. Cultured oyster biomass is currently at 0.47 t km−2 and could be increased 625 times without exceeding the ecological carrying capacity of 297 t km−2. This translates to approximately 38,950 t of harvested cultured oysters annually which is 4 times the total estimated annual harvest of finfish. This potential for growth is due to the high primary productivity and large energy throughput to detritus of this ecosystem. Shellfish aquaculture has potential for continued growth and is unlikely to become food limited due, in part, to the large detritus pool. 相似文献
16.
17.
新丰江水库欧洲鳗网箱养殖对水质的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
网箱养殖欧洲鳗使养殖区其周围水体中COD、总氮、总磷等污染物浓度明显升高,尤其大肠杆菌指标不能满足渔业水质标准,富营养化状态这中营养化水平。网箱养鳗过程输入氮的61.0%,磷的77.4%都积留于库内,造成局部水域氮磷负荷已明显高于可接受负荷荷甚至拉近危险负荷。 相似文献
18.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):621-632
The pollution of antibiotics commonly existed throughout the entire aquaculture process,but the residues of antibiotics at different aquaculture stages have rarely been studied. This study investigated the occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of antibiotics at different aquaculture stages (the non-aquaculture stage, the early aquaculture stage, the middle aquaculture stage, and the late aquaculture stage) in two typical marine aquaculture areas (Mahegang River and Dingzi Bay) surrounding the YellowSea. Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclineswere commonly used antibiotics in the aquaculture of these areaswith high detection frequencies (17% to 83%). Compared among four aquaculture stages, the highest concentration of antibiotics (9032.08 ng/L) in aquaculture ponds was detected at the late aquaculture stage. And the antibiotic pollution level of natural water was directly related to the aquaculture stages. Similarly, at the aquaculture stages, the detection frequency of antibiotics in sediments was higher than that at the non-aquaculture stage. Based on the correlation
analysis, the concentration of main antibiotics in water showed a positive correlation with total nitrogen (p<0.05) and chlorophyll a (p<0.01), while it showed a negative correlation with salinity (p<0.01) in coastal water of the Dingzi Bay. According to the risk assessment,with the development of aquaculture stages, the selection pressure of fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines on resistant bacteria had increased. And the ecological risks caused by sulfonamides and tetracyclines to aquatic organisms had also increased markedly. Overall, this study may provide a reference for formulating regulatory policies regarding antibiotic use at different aquaculture stages. 相似文献
19.
Aquaculture tenures or leases have become an increasingly important management tool for regulating access rights to coastal and offshore marine habitat. Tenure, as a form of private property rights to marine space, is generally considered a prerequisite for aquaculture development, as are the associated exclusive access rights which provide necessary incentives for producers to invest in infrastructure. The shellfish industry in British Columbia (BC), Canada, is presented as a case study of a transition from a primarily common property wild fishery to a rights‐based system for aquaculture. In BC, seafood production has grown substantially during the past two decades as a result of aquaculture production. However, despite the inherent economic advantages of the tenuring system for increasing seafood production, rights to aquaculture sites in BC remain highly controversial, particularly in response to environmental concerns and infringements on Aboriginal territorial claims. Shellfish farming has, to‐date, been far less controversial than salmon farming; however, shellfish aquaculture has not been uniformly adopted across the province, and analyses of industry capacity or economic opportunities for coastal communities have failed to adequately explain development patterns. This paper, which identifies perceptions of the risks and benefits of the shellfish aquaculture tenuring system, presents the results of 56 interviews conducted with individuals involved in shellfish production in BC. Results indicate that heightened perceptions of risk about shellfish aquaculture tenuring are related to unresolved Aboriginal territorial claims, economic dependence on wild shellfish resources, as well as place‐based values favouring access to wild resources. Underlying values and cultural understandings also strongly shape public perceptions of the risks of aquaculture, and as such, influence local decisions to either accept or resist industry growth. In this case, interviewees' risk perceptions were found to be more important indicators of the potential for industry expansion than studies of capacity or economic cost‐benefit analyses. 相似文献
20.
Sebastián Villasante David Rodríguez-González Manel Antelo Susana Rivero-Rodríguez Joseba Lebrancón-Nieto 《Ambio》2013,42(8):937-950
Through a comparative analysis of prices in capture fisheries and aquaculture sectors, the objectives of this paper are a) to investigate three the trends in prices of forage catches to feed the aquaculture species, b) to analyze the amount of fish species need to feed aquaculture species in order to assess the level of efficiency in resource use, and c) to examine the degree of economic concentration either in wild-catch industry and aquaculture sectors. The results show that prices of cultivated species are higher than prices of the same species when harvested from the sea. We explain this fact by the interplay of three forces. First, the amount of wild fish to feed aquaculture species continues to improve over time. Second, the pressure of fishing activities has not been reduced since catches of most forage fishes are declining, which induce higher prices of capture species that feed aquaculture production. Third, the level of seafood market concentration is significantly higher in aquaculture than in wild catches, which generates higher prices in aquaculture. 相似文献