螺旋板载荷试验探讨

螺旋板载荷试验因能旋入地面以下一定深度进行试验而广泛应用于深层地基土及地下水位以下地基土的承载力测试,根据螺旋板载荷试验的原理,经与平板裁荷试验对比,螺旋板载荷试验同样适用于浅层地基土,螺旋板面积的大小对试验成果影响不大,螺旋板载荷试验确定的承载力不再进行深度修正。     

二维不规则海底地形对海底地震动的影响

讨论了海底地形对海底地震动的影响，并用有限元方法对二维问题进行了具体的研究。文中用参数分析的方法，就海底凸起地形和凹陷地形以及不同的海水深度，进行了海水与海床上体系在基底地震动输入下的流固耦合反应计算，取得了对所讨论问题的基本认识：（1）海床上高处的地震反应比低处的大，高处与低处间凹角处的反应则为最小；（2）随着海水深度的增大，对凸起地形来说，海床上的地震反应趋小，而对凹陷地形来说，这一点不明显。     

原有路基荷载作用对加宽工程路基沉降变形的影响分析

基于工程实例和数值模拟,分析了高速公路加宽工程中,原有路基荷载作用引起的软基性质改善对路基沉降变形的影响机理。研究表明:新、老路基的沉降变形均受软基性质改善的影响;软基性质改善改变了新路基荷载在老路地基中引起的附加应力分布,这种附加应力的改变也对老路基的沉降产生影响,而传统的计算方法不能考虑附加应力的变化对沉降的影响;对比考虑与不考虑老路基荷载作用的影响,新路基的沉降量会不同,这种沉降差异随路基高度、新路基宽度以及软基厚度的增加而逐渐增大,但老路基的沉降差异只受软基深度的影响。     

马鞍山市城区主干道近地面空气质量调查

为调查马鞍山市城区主干道近地面空气质量状况,马鞍山市环境监测中心站于1999年1月19日～1月21日对城区3条主干道的5个监测点近地面空气质量进行了监测.结果表明,在城市整体环境空气质量良好的情况下,交通干道近地面空气污染较严重,主要污染源是机动车尾气,NOx、CO、TSP是特征性污染物,其中NOx平均分布浓度与车流量近似成正相关,从时间分布上看,NOx平均分布浓度早上最高,晚上次之,中午最低.指出,为改善城市的环境空气质量,必须加强对机动车尾气的监督管理.     

QUANTIFICATION OF THE WATER BUDGET AND NUTRIENT LOADING IN A SMALL PEATLAND1

ABSTRACT: Few water budgets exist for specific types of wetlands such as peatlands, even though such information provides the basis from which to investigate linkages between wetlands and upland ecosystems. In this study, we first determined the water budget and then estimated nutrient loading from an upland farm field into a 1.5 ha, kettle-block peatland. The wetland contains highly anisotropic peat and has no distinct, active layer of groundwater flow. We estimated the depth of the active layer using Fick's law of diffusion and quantified groundwater flow using a chemical mass balance model. Evapotranspiration was determined using MORECS, a semi-physical model based on the Penman-Monteith approach. Precipitation and surface outflow were measured using physical means. Groundwater provided the major inflow, 84 percent (44,418 m³) in 1993 and 88 percent (68,311 m³) in 1994. Surface outflow represented 54 percent (28,763 m³) of total outflows in 1993 and 48 percent (37,078 m³) in 1994. A comparison of several published water budgets for wetlands and lakes showed that error estimates for hydrologic components in this study are well within the range of error estimates calculated in other studies. Groundwater inflow estimates and nutrient concentrations of three springs were used to estimate agricultural nutrient loading to the site. During the study period, nutrient loading into the peatland via groundwater discharge averaged 24.74 kg K ha^-1, 1.83 kg total inorganic P ha^d, and 21.81 kg NO₃-N ha^-1.     

CONTRASTING WATER QUALITY FROM PAIRED DOMESTIC/PUBLIC SUPPLY WELLS,CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS1

ABSTRACT: Closely located domestic and public supply wells were sampled using identical sampling procedures to allow comparison of water quality associated with well type. Water samples from 15 pairs of wells with similar screened intervals completed in the central High Plains regional aquifer in parts of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas were analyzed for more than 200 water quality constituents. No statistically significant differences were observed between the concentrations of naturally‐derived constituents (major ions, trace elements, and radon) in paired wells. However, differences in water quality between paired wells were observed for selected anthropogenic compounds (pesticides and tritium), in that some public supply wells produced water that was more recently recharged and contained constituents derived from surface activities. The presence of recently recharged water and compounds indicative of anthropogenic activities in some public supply wells was likely due to operational variations (pumping rate and pumping cycles), as demonstrated in a particle tracking simulation. Water containing surface‐derived anthropogenic compounds from near the water table was more quickly drawn to high volume public supply wells (less than five years) than domestic wells (greater than 120 years) with small pumping rates. These findings indicate that water quality samples collected from different well types in the same area are not necessarily directly comparable. Sampling domestic wells provides the best broad‐scale assessment of water quality in this aquifer setting because they are less susceptible to localized contamination from near the water table. However, sampling public supply wells better represents the quality of the used resource because of the population served.     

钢铁渣粉在混凝土中的应用研究

为提高钢铁渣综合利用率,考察了钢铁渣粉作混凝土掺合料对混凝土抗压强度、工作性及对大体积混凝土温升的影响,并介绍了应用钢铁渣粉的工程项目。试验及工程应用表明,钢铁渣粉作混凝土掺合料,在相同胶凝材料用量下可显著提高混凝土抗压强度,在保证设计强度要求下可降低胶凝材料用量。此外,钢铁渣粉作混凝土掺合料能提高混凝土的工作性及施工性能,并可能降低混凝土内部温升,是一种新型的混凝土掺合料。     

用于地下水除氟的羟基磷灰石制备及其除氟效能

针对地下水中氟离子的去除分别合成了粉状和球状两种羟基磷灰石,利用红外光谱扫描、电镜扫描、X射线衍射仪、X射线能谱小试实验分析其基本特征,并进一步利用小试实验确定其对水中氟离子的去除效能.结果表明,制备的粉状羟基磷灰石具有较高的纯度,但结晶度相对较低;而球状羟基磷灰石则较为规则、带孔隙的球形颗粒,粒径约为1mm左右.粉状羟基磷灰石对徐州地下水中氟离子的去除容量约为15.2mg/g,且其去除速度较快,主要集中在30min以内;球状羟基磷灰石对地下水中氟离子的去除容量约为7.5mg/g,但其去除过程持续时间较长.利用粉状和球状羟基磷灰石组合的工艺可将地下水中的氟离子浓度降低至0.8~0.9mg/L,且去除效果稳定.综上所述,粉状和球状羟基磷灰石的组合工艺可用于地下中氟离子的去除.     

改变城市下垫面类型及控制道路尘环境效益评估方法

以天津市为研究对象,提出通过改变城市下垫面类型来控制裸露地面所造成的颗粒物污染.首次引入了相对起尘量的概念,以定量分析改变城市下垫面类型对城市空气颗粒物污染的影响,并进行环境效益的评估.对于道路,提出制定道路积尘量限定标准的建议,并提出了控制道路积尘的环境效益评估方法.     

多维地震作用下偏心结构动力反应的Simulink仿真分析

理论研究与震害经验表明,地震时结构会产生不可忽略的平动与扭转耦合的空间振动,因此,对结构进行平—扭耦联反应分析具有重要意义。本文首先建立多维地震动作用下偏心结构的空间力学模型和动力方程,并编制相应的MAT LAB程序,然后将动力方程所代表的动力学系统用控制理论中的状态空间法予以描述,根据其状态方程在SIMULINK环境下建立仿真分析模型,从而求解动力方程。对一双向水平地震作用下的6层偏心框架结构进行平—扭耦联反应数值仿真分析,得出了一些有益的结论。