铸铁在流动海水中的腐蚀行为

总结了笔者曾经进行过的3次有关铸铁在含沙流动海水中的腐蚀试验研究工作.研究结果表明：在腐蚀速率方面,铸铁与普通碳钢相似;但在腐蚀形貌方面,局部腐蚀倾向比普通碳钢明显减轻.灰铸铁添加3%的镍,不能改善其在含沙流动海水中的腐蚀行为,反而增大了局部腐蚀敏感性.镍的质量分数超过7%的铸铁在含沙流动海水中的耐蚀性能显著提高.其腐蚀率随镍含量的增加而明显降低,且没有点蚀发生.添加铬虽然能降低其腐蚀率,但局部腐蚀敏感性显著增大.     

Dust Storms are an Indication of an Unhealthy Environment in East Asia

Dust storms frequently occur in Mongolia and in northern China. Each year there are 30 to 120 dusty days in source regions of Mongolia and 14–20 dusty days on the Korean Peninsula. Intense sand storms and associated dust falls produce environmental impacts in East Asia. This paper discusses the environmental degradation in Mongolia and the social, economic and atmospheric impacts of dust storms in the sink area. The impact of dust storms on environmental compartments as well as their direct and indirect consequences to basic resources like water and energy demand and supply is explained. Governments are encouraged to take appropriate action in specified regions. For monitoring dust storms there is a need for international cooperation to combat growing environmental and human security concerns.     

都昌县多宝砂山物种多样性研究及保护初探

对鄱阳湖都昌县多宝砂山地区土地风沙化过程中物种多样性的变化特征进行了分析,依据植物种在各类型风沙化土地的出现频率与不同风沙化阶段各生活型植物种的组成,探讨了风沙化过程中植物种的绝灭与定居特点.物种多样性指数分析表明:风沙化过程是物种多样性衰减的过程,风沙化首先导致特有种的绝灭,其次为稀有种.从植物的生活型来看,多年生草本与乔木类植物受风沙化影响最大,而灌木类植物可存活于风沙化过程的各个阶段,在风沙化过程中植物种的绝灭速率大于定居速率.最后,针对造成多宝砂山生物多样性衰减的原因,提出了治理对策,即在控制人类行为干扰的同时,要加强对固定沙丘的管理与保护.      

石英砂负载氧化铁的表征及其除锑吸附性能研究

通过SEM/EDAX以及Nova-1000表面分析仪对石英砂负载的氧化铁颗粒进行了表征,发现负载氧化铁的粒径为200 nm左右,其表面孔径及孔隙率分别为2×10-9～9×10-9m及0.11%,负载氧化铁的石英砂的比表面积为原砂的5倍.考察了石英砂负载氧化铁(IOCS)在不同的实验条件下(吸附时间,pH值,温度等)对水溶液中锑的去除效果,在pH为3～9范围内,其去除率均超过了98%.吸附动力学及吸附等温线实验数据分别符合二级反应动力学模型及Langmuir等温吸附模型.热动力学实验结果进一步表明:IOCS吸附锑的过程是自发的、吸热的化学吸附反应.     

青海高原一次沙尘重污染天气成因分析

利用常规观测的卫星云图资料、地面资料、探空资料、地面污染物监测数据,结合拉格朗日粒子扩散模型(LPDM)污染源溯源方法,对2018年2月青海高原一次沙尘重污染天气的主要成因以及沙尘传输特征进行了分析。结果表明:此次重污染天气受高空低槽东移影响,在300~700 hPa形成了强烈的辐散下沉,槽后的高空急流随之东移。在其东移过程中,受高空急流动量下传及偏北气流中的冷空气共同作用,青海东部出现了大风沙尘天气。边界层中逆温层的存在是此次污染天气持续的重要原因之一,加之未出现明显降水,不利于大气污染物的扩散。通过运用LPDM对此次污染天气的运动轨迹进行分析来看,气团影响的模拟高度层距离地面100 m,气团层趋势一致。研究区地处青藏高原,海拔较高,0~100 m高度的气团足迹可以反映出PM 10污染气团的输送路径。同时,0~100 m是主要的人为源排放空间,也是对人类活动影响较大的区域。气团足迹与PM 10浓度的变化趋势一致,即青海东部沙尘污染主要是由河西走廊沙尘倒灌进入青海东部导致,这与天气学分析结果一致。     

Larvae of Sand Smelts (Atherina hepsetus L.) as a Bioindicator of Pollution in the Black Sea Coastal Waters

The activity of antioxidant enzymes and electrophoretic protein spectra were studied in sand smelt larvae inhabiting from five Sevastopol bays with different degrees of anthropogenic impact. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the heterogeneity of electrophoretic protein spectra proved to increase in the larvae from the most polluted waters. The possibility of using these parameters as biological markers for assessing the influence of pollution on the early stages of fish ontogeny and the marine environment are discussed.     

Climatic and Biotic Stochasticity: Disparate Causes of Convergent Demographies in Rare, Sympatric Plants

Abstract:  Species with known demographies may be used as proxies, or approximate models, to predict vital rates and ecological properties of target species that either have not been studied or are species for which data may be difficult to obtain. These extrapolations assume that model and target species with similar properties respond in the same ways to the same ecological factors, that they have similar population dynamics, and that the similarity of vital rates reflects analogous responses to the same factors. I used two rare, sympatric annual plants (sand gilia [ Gilia tenuiflora arenaria ] and Monterey spineflower [ Chorizanthe pungens pungens ]) to test these assumptions experimentally. The vital rates of these species are similar and strongly correlated with rainfall, and I added water and/or prevented herbivore access to experimental plots. Their survival and reproduction were driven by different, largely stochastic factors and processes: sand gilia by herbivory and Monterey spineflower by rainfall. Because the causal agents and processes generating similar demographic patterns were species specific, these results demonstrate, both theoretically and empirically, that it is critical to identify the ecological processes generating observed effects and that experimental manipulations are usually needed to determine causal mechanisms. Without such evidence to identify mechanisms, extrapolations among species may lead to counterproductive management and conservation practices.     

保护北疆铁路,建设良好的生态环境,促进博州经济发展

保护和改善生态环境,是确保北疆铁路畅通无阻与发展博尔塔拉州国民经济的重要环节,就此,本文根据资料进行了讨论并提出了相应措施。     

内蒙古阿拉善盟沙尘源区域动态发展现状

2002年,应用RS、GIS高新技术遥感手段和美国大型图像处理软件ERDAS,对全盟生态环境现状进行1996年、2000年、2002年度定量动态对比监测;应用arc/info v8.0建立生态环境现状本底数据库.定量动态对比监测GIS数据结果显示:阿拉善盟沙尘源区域荒漠化问题继续存在,沙漠、戈壁面积在继续增加,草地覆盖度下降,导致地表裸露程度增强,沙尘源物资增多,草场生产力不足;梭梭林面积减少,乔木林演变为灌木林;腾格里沙漠和乌兰布和沙漠扩大速度较快;动态分析表明沙漠治理速度尚赶不上沙漠扩大速度,全盟"握手"沙年度间呈较快扩大趋势.     

高压线下袋装砂井的施工

在公路软基处理过程中，如公路上空有高压线穿越，则往往因高压线下净空不够使袋装砂井无法施工，采用其它处理方式时，往往导致处理费用大幅上升。本文介绍了套管接驳的方式施工装砂井的工艺，经济可行，可供同行借鉴。