利用攀钢氯化残渣生产低熟料水泥

较系统地研究了氯化残渣、矿渣、熟料、激发剂等掺量对低熟料水泥强度的影响；找出了利用氯化残渣生产低熟料水泥的最佳条件；并对低熟料水泥性能进行了初步探索。试验表明，利用氯化残渣可生产４２５＾＊低熟料水泥，工业废渣的利用率可达７０％。     

Diamondback terrapins as indicator species of persistent organic pollutants: Using Barnegat Bay, New Jersey as a case study

The diamondback terrapin’s (Malaclemys terrapin) wide geographic distribution, long life span, occurrence in a variety of habitats within the saltmarsh ecosystem, predatory foraging behavior, and high site fidelity make it a useful indicator species for contaminant monitoring in estuarine ecosystems. In this study fat biopsies and plasma samples were collected from males and females from two sites within Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, as well as tissues from a gravid female and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), which are terrapin prey. Samples were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), chlorinated pesticides, and methyl-triclosan. Terrapins from the northern site, Spizzle Creek, closest to influences from industrial areas, had higher POP concentrations for both tissues than terrapins from the less impacted Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge. Sex differences were observed with males having higher contaminant concentrations in fat and females in plasma. PCB patterns in terrapin fat and plasma were comparable to other wildlife. An atypical PBDE pattern was observed, dominated by PBDEs 153 and 100 instead of PBDEs 47 and 99, which has been documented in only a few other turtle species. The typical PBDE patterns measured in mussels, terrapin prey, suggests that the terrapin may efficiently biotransform or eliminate PBDE 47 and possibly PBDE 99. Plasma contaminant concentrations significantly and positively correlated with those in fat. This study addresses several aspects of using the terrapin as an indicator species for POP monitoring: site and sex differences, tissue sampling choices, maternal transfer, and biomagnification.     

Organochlorine contaminants in coastal marine ecosystems of southern Alaska: inferences from spatial patterns in blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus)

We measured the concentrations and chemical structures of persistent organochlorines (OCs) in blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) from 44 sites across southwest and southeast Alaska in an effort to determine both the sources of these compounds and the extent to which this region might be contaminated. High PCB concentrations were detected at Amchitka, Adak, and Unalaska Islands (83, 430, and 2800 μg kg⁻¹ dry weight, respectively) in the Aleutians with relatively low concentrations elsewhere (7.1-51 μg kg⁻¹ dry weight). Heavy PCB congener profiles (indicative of localized point sources) characterized the high concentration sites whereas distinctly lighter congener profiles (indicative of atmospheric transport) characterized the lower concentration sites. Elevated PCB concentrations at Adak were restricted to a small area along the island’s eastern shore, suggesting either limited dispersion or rapid dilution of these compounds. More uniform chlorinated pesticide concentrations among the collection sites suggests that these compounds are entering the Aleutian ecosystem from distant sources. Pesticide concentrations correlated significantly with seabird density across the islands we sampled, thus identifying biological transport as a delivery mechanism of these compounds to the Aleutian archipelago. Our findings do not implicate persistent organochlorines as a significant factor in the recent pinniped and sea otter population declines across southwest Alaska.     

Pesticide Residues in Water From River Kaveri,South India

The residue levels of presistent chlorinated pesticides such as HCH (hexachlorocyclo-hexane) isomers and DDT (dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane) compounds were quantified in water samples collected from the River Kaveri and its distributor River Coleroon in Tamil Nadu, South India. HCH showed higher levels in River Kaveri during premonsoon (July to September) and monsoon (October to December) months, reflecting the HCH usage during that season for paddy crops. But in the case of DDT no clear trend in residue level was observed. the α-HCH was detected as the dominant isomer in all the three sampling sites. Among DDT compounds, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE showed higher percentage of the total. International comparison of residue levels revealed that the present values are comparable to the waters from Asian and South East Asian nations, but lower than some samples from other parts of India. the value of DDT is well below the EEC's maximum acceptable concentration for surface waters and lower than the recommended limit of 2000ng 1^-1 in USA water for protection of aquatic life (Water Quality Criteria, 1972).     

利用共代谢机制降解水体中的氯代芳烃

氯代芳烃及其衍生物是一类毒性强、难降解的持久性有机化合物。在我国江河水体中检出率高，其中许多是优先监测污染物。水中的难降解有机污染物，可能通过几种微生物的一系列共代谢作用得到大部分，甚至是彻底的降解。本文针对水环境中的氟代芳烃污染物，分析了共代谢的类型、发生原因及影响因素。对利用共代谢机制修复水中氯代芳烃的最新研究进展进行了综述，并对本领域的发展前景进行了探讨。     

Products of methotrexate during chlorination

Methotrexate(MTX)is a cytotoxic drug widely used in the treatment of tumors,autoimmune diseases and severe asthma. jen00883 This drug has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment with concentrations up to μg/L levels. The MTX present in environmental water might be transformed and removed during chlorination disinfection treatment. In this work,the fate of MTX during aqueous chlorination was investigated in laboratory batch experiments,and the transformation products of MTX were identified. Aqueous solutions of MTX(1 mg/L)were chlorinated by sodium hypochlorite solution at room temperature under neutral p H conditions. Chlorinated products were pre-concentrated with solid-phase extraction(SPE)cartridges and determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(LC–ESI–MS/MS). The reaction of MTX chlorination exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics and the half-life time of MTX degradation was calculated to be 1.65 min,when the initial chlorine concentration was 2 mg/L. Two chlorinated MTX congeners,4-amino-3-chlorinated-N10-methylpteroylglutamic(monochloro-MTX)and 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-N10-methylpteroylglutamic(dichloro-MTX)were found in the chlorinated solution. Monochloro-MTX was successfully fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and its structure was further identified using ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis. The presence of the two products in real hospital wastewater was then examined and both compounds were detected. Finally,the effects of MTX and monochloro-MTX on the cell cycle progression in vitro were evaluated using zebrafish liver cell line. It was found that both compounds could inhibit the proliferation of zebrafish liver cells through S phase arrest and their effects on the cell cycle profile had no significant difference.     

零价铁用于水中氯代有机物还原脱氯的现状与发展

综述了零价铁作为氯代有机物的发展状况,零价铁、纳米零价铁、含铁双金属体系及固定态双金属体系还原脱氯机理、应用现状、存在问题及其未来发展趋势。     

氯乙烯在地下水和土壤中的厌氧脱氯还原降解

主要介绍了通过原位生物修复技术还原脱氯降解氯乙烯的污染。通过注射井向氯乙烯污染区域注射有机物基质作为电子供体,再加入通过富集培养的强化微生物,通过微生物的作用对污染物降解,从而达到对污染地区修复的目的。并列举了一个实例说明此修复技术目前的研究进展水平。     

同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定氯化石蜡工业品中二噁英

氯化石蜡（CPs）作为一种用途广泛、产量大的有机氯化学工业品,具有组成多样、基质复杂等特点,对其中产生的二噁英（PCDD/Fs）检测是当前工作面临的难题。建立了同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法检测CPs工业品中PCDD/Fs的分析方法。对样品净化过程进行了优化,通过提取溶剂筛选,去除固体CPs中部分基质,建立的双活性炭柱法可高效去除CPs基质。方法采用¹³ C₁₂标记的PCDD/Fs内标物进行定性和定量分析。17种PCDD/Fs同系物的检出限为0.1～3 pg/g,回收率为31.7%～100%。该方法可对高纯度工业品中痕量持久性有机污染物进行高效的定性和定量分析,能够满足国家标准方法对PCDD/Fs检测的要求。     

纳米LDHs阻燃剂与氯化石蜡协效阻燃PS的性能与机理研究

文采用氧指数（LOI）测试结果讨论了纳米LDHs对PS,以及纳米LDHs与氯化石蜡协效阻燃剂对PS的阻燃作用。结果表明。在100份PS中加入80份LDHs时．复合材料的最高LOI可达28;而在100份PS中添加30份纳米LDHs后。再添加10份氯化石蜡时．复合材料LOI可达29．5．两者具有明显协效阻燃作用。并通过FT—IR和XPS测试结果分析了纳米LDHs与氯化石蜡的协效阻燃机理。研究发现,氯化石蜡热释放出HCl是其与纳米LDHs发生协同反应的关键。