有机涂层使用寿命探讨

有机涂层使用寿命的预测一直是涂料界的难点,为对涂层寿命进行更准确的的判断和研究,对涂层寿命的部分研究成果和研究数据进行了综述。分析了有机涂层使用寿命的影响因素;介绍了有机涂层使用寿命的预测公式和目前常用的寿命预测方法,并阐述了其缺点;指出用EIS法研究有机涂层使用寿命还有许多待突破的地方。     

环境服务业核心竞争力研究——以城市污水处理服务业为例

环境服务业对于减轻环境污染、改善生态环境、促进环境与经济、社会协调发展具有重要意义。研究建立了环境服务业核心竞争力评价指标体系．对11个污水处理厂开展调研研究．运用层次分析法评价污水处理服务业的核心竞争力,旨在为提高环境服务业的社会经济和环境综合效益提供理论借鉴。     

基于马尔萨斯模型对钢铁企业伤害事故与工龄指数之间规律的研究

为了验证在钢铁企业中人的失效过程同服役年限有某种规律性的联系,采用马尔萨斯模型对人的服役年限--工龄与伤害事故频数之间的规律性进行机理推证.在对典型钢铁企业40年间工伤事故数据库中的1 465起伤害事故进行统计分析、建立回归模型后,结论显示伤害事故频数y与受害人员的本工种工龄x存在显著指数相关关系:y=167.13e0.012x、相关系数R=0.93,证实了马尔萨斯模型应用于"工龄-伤害事故频数"指数规律的准确性.改进后的指数规律模型对实际钢铁企业安全管理工作有着重要的研究价值和指导意义,且可以在其他领域中进行探索和推广.     

Set-aside management: How do succession, sowing patterns and landscape context affect biodiversity?

European Union (EU) member states set aside between 5 and 15% of arable land during the last two decades, but abolition of the set-aside scheme in 2008 caused a sudden loss in habitat availability and biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Management of set-aside has many facets and in this perspective paper we focus on the biodiversity effects of successional age, sowing strategies and landscape context. Young, 1-2-year-old set-asides have been initially considered to be too ephemeral to have any conservation value. However, when a rich seed and bud bank is available, a species-rich natural (secondary) succession can be observed. Arable (annual) weed communities in the first two years of succession can even include endangered plant species with associated rare insect consumers. Furthermore, many bird species benefit from early-successional habitats, whereas small mammal communities are richer in older habitats. If the local plant species pool is poor, sowings of diverse mixtures from regional seed collections can be recommended. Set-aside managers using species-rich sowings often experience that dominant weeds suppress the less competitive annual species. This trend to species-poor communities can be avoided by intraspecific aggregation of competitively weak species. Broadening the spatial scale from the plot to the landscape, efficiency of set-aside is highest in simple landscapes, where set-aside exhibits greatest effect in enhancement of biodiversity and associated services such as pollination and biological control. In complex landscapes, however, additional set-aside does not add much to the high level of biodiversity and ecological processes already present. Twenty percent of semi-natural, non-crop habitat appears to be a rough threshold for enhancing biodiversity and sustaining services such as pollination and biological control, but improved set-aside management should have the potential to reduce the percentage of semi-natural non-crop habitat needed. EU policy should tailor set-aside schemes for the maintenance of biodiversity and also consider that management efficiency is higher in simple than complex landscapes.     

乌梁素海湿地鸟类栖息地生态服务功能评估探讨

本文通过收集近30年鸟类种类及种群数据变化的资料,分析乌梁素海不同鸟类栖息环境的栖息地服务功能,从而评估乌梁素海湿地鸟类栖息地的综合生态服务功能。评估结果表明:乌梁素海湿地鸟类栖息地综合生态服务功能为不好。     

上海市土地利用与生态服务价值变化研究

基于Costanza对生态系统服务价值理论的研究成果,结合谢高地等对中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表,计算了2003—2007年间上海市生态系统服务价值变化情况和敏感性指数,03年-07年,生态服务价值减少了1．1亿元,各种土地利用方式的生态系统服务价值的敏感性指数均小于1,表明生态系统服务价值对价值系数的变化是缺乏弹性的。     

太子河水环境质量与生态系统服务功能价值分析

以太子河观音阁水库下游地区为例,通过野外采样分析和相关数据的收集和整理,从生态功能的角度出发,探讨和研究该地区不同经济发展模式对当地水环境的影响,并就适宜于当地的生态发展模式进行了探讨。     

New policies to deal with climate change and other drivers impacting on resilience to flooding in urban areas: the CORFU approach

In the context of urban flood management, resilience is equal to resisting, recovering, reflecting and responding. The variety of causes of flooding and their consequences underpin the need for increased and internationally coordinated efforts to enhance technologies and policies for dealing with floods. This paper addresses this issue and presents some novel research ideas related to resilience to flooding in urban areas, which are under development within the EU FP7 project ‘Collaborative research on flood resilience in urban areas’ (CORFU). The approach adopted in this project aims to quantify the cost-effectiveness of resilience measures and integrative and adaptable flood management plans for different scenarios of relevant drivers: urban development, socio-economic trends and climate changes. It is believed that the way in which the different models are being put together, combined with the variability of conditions in case study areas in Asia and in Europe, will ultimately enable more scientifically sound policies for the management of the consequences of urban flooding.     

国家环境数据共享与服务体系研究

结合我国环境数据共享与服务面临的问题,对国家环境数据共享与服务体系的时代背景、概念和实质、技术框架、主要建设内容等进行了研究。指出国家环境数据共享与服务体系是政府主导建设的环境信息资源网,核心由三级环境数据中心、依托于四级专网的环境数据传输与交换平台以及分别依托于内网、专网和互联网的各级共享服务门户构成。     

滨海新区湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估

滨海新区湿地类型多样,作为滨海新区生态环境与景观生态的基质,对其区域生态、景观生态及经济发展具有重要影响。以滨海新区湿地为研究对象,在实地调查的基础上,综合采用市场价值法、影子工程法、条件价值法等评估方法,对其生态系统服务功能价值进行估算。结果表明,滨海新区湿地生态系统服务功能价值为4 276.77亿元,其中直接使用价值、间接使用价值和非使用价值分别为412 594万元、40 411 851万元和1 943 256万元。因此,滨海新区湿地对维持当地可持续发展具有举足轻重的作用,在滨海新区湿地资源管理和开发利用的过程中,应充分发挥湿地资源的生态功能,促进区域经济的可持续发展。