MVC设计模式在水环境模拟中的应用

采用MVC软件设计模式能够有效的提高软件的可扩展性、可维护性和代码复用率。并在此思想基础上探讨了利用该方法实现可灵活配置的水质模型系统,为实现动态的水质预测过程提供了一种新途径。     

弯曲开裂的产生与防止四例

结合四个典型实例,对生产中因超过材料的加工极限,错误的排样方式、不良的边缘加工状态和零件形状而造成的弯曲件开裂进行了分析。讨论了人员素质、管理水平、原材料供应等因素对弯曲开裂和制件质量的影响。介绍了生产现场解决问题的方法和防止弯曲开裂的一般措施.根据对具体实例的分析。总结出了有关弯曲件开裂质量控制的一些要点。     

浅析污染转嫁及其法律责任

根据主体特征,将污染转嫁分为涉外污染转嫁和内部污染转嫁。其法律责任包括行政责任,民事责任和刑事责任。分别就这三种责任的构成要件及责任分担,作了具体分析,并提出了作者的见解。     

通用Web日志挖掘系统(CWLMS)设计实现

本文介绍了通用Web日志挖掘系统(CWLMS)的设计与实现。将网站的结构和日志文件格式定义引入Web日志挖掘预处理过程以提高预处理的通用性和准确性;在模式挖掘方面,集成了目前有效的最大向前路径挖掘算法和频繁遍历路径挖掘算法,并且将孤立点分析方法引入日志挖掘中。     

蓄水对水库下游食物网中汞生物累积影响研究进展

1991年,加拿大学者Verdon首次报道了加拿大拉格朗德二级水库下游鱼体中汞含量显著高于水库库区的现象,发现水库下游是新建水库汞输出的重要场所,因此水库下游鱼类汞升高的风险继水库本身后成为新的关注热点.通过对相关野外研究的回顾,表明蓄水对水库下游食物网的鱼类、浮游生物以及水体中汞的富集产生影响,水生食物网中各组分甲基汞含量和比例随着营养级的升高而增加.蓄水加速了水库的甲基化过程,使水库自身成为巨大的汞源,不仅影响水库自身食物网中汞的分布,而且更加剧烈地影响水库下游食物网中汞的分布.水库既向下游直接输送溶解态和悬浮颗粒态的甲基汞,又向下游输送丰富的、可被杂食性鱼类和动物直接利用和吸食的甲基汞食物源.在下游食物网中,甲基汞有可能通过微型浮游生物网（悬浮颗粒物-浮游植物-浮游动物经典食物链）,或者通过杂食性鱼类主动摄食来自水库直接输送的浮游动物,或者通过杂食性鱼类被动吸食来自水库直接输送的悬浮颗粒物富集途径,向位于更高营养级位置的鱼类进行传递.在我国,水库蓄水对下游汞输送机制以及对下游微型、底层食物网中生物累积和迁移转化的影响需要更加深入的定量研究.      

Mercury bioaccumulation in aquatic biota along a salinity gradient in the Saint John River estuary

Although estuaries are critical habitats for many aquatic species, the spatial trends of toxic methylmercury(MeHg) in biota from fresh to marine waters are poorly understood. Our objective was to determine if MeHg concentrations in biota changed along a salinity gradient in an estuary. Fourspine Stickleback(Apeltes quadracus), invertebrates(snails,amphipods, and chironomids), sediments, and water were collected from ten sites along the Saint John River estuary, New Brunswick, Canada in 2015 and 2016, with salinities ranging from 0.06 to 6.96. Total mercury(proxy for MeHg) was measured in whole fish and MeHg was measured in a subset of fish, pooled invertebrates, sediments, and water. Stable sulfur(δ~(34)S), carbon(δ~(13) C), and nitrogen(δ~(15)N) isotope values were measured to assess energy sources(S, C) and relative trophic level(N). There were increases in biotic δ~(13)C and δ~(34)S from fresh to more saline sites and these measures were correlated with salinity.Though aqueous MeHg was higher at the freshwater than more saline sites, only chironomid MeHg increased significantly with salinity. In the Saint John River estuary, there was little evidence that MeHg and its associated risks increased along a salinity gradient.     

枯草芽孢杆菌产γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂条件及含铬废水处理研究

利用均匀设计安排试验,用曲线回归分析创建数学模型的方法研究了枯草芽孢杆菌产γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂培养条件,结果表明:其最佳培养条件是蔗糖添加量2.2%、酵母膏添加量0.6%、谷氨酸钠4.5%、pH7、温度33℃、摇床转速215r/min。同时利用γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂对含铬(Ⅵ)废水进行铬(Ⅵ)去除处理,结果显示:pH值为4、30mL、30mg/L废水中γ-聚谷氨酸的添加量为1.5mL和1%CaCl2用量为2.4mL时,铬(Ⅵ)去除效果最佳,并建立了相应的数学模型,在最佳工艺条件下的铬(Ⅵ)去除率可达55%。     

浅析齐齐哈尔市环保产业发展现状与建议

随着污染减排工作的不断深入,环保产业正成为转变经济发展方式、发展绿色经济、引领产业升级和各行业技术进步的重要技术支撑。以齐齐哈尔市环保产业发展为例,对老工业基地发展环保产业过程中存在的问题与发展进行了探讨,并提出建议。     

离子色谱分析中淋洗液条件选择的探讨

文章中介绍了离子色谱分析中淋洗液的浓度和pH值对分析结果的直接影响,通过实践总结出了正确选择淋洗液,既可改善分离效果,又可提高分析效率。     

Lake of flies, or lake of fish? A trophic model of Lake Malawi

Ecosystem-focused models have, for the first time, become available for the combined demersal and pelagic components of a large tropical lake ecosystem, Lake Malawi. These provide the opportunity to explore continuing controversies over the production efficiencies and ecological functioning of large tropical lakes. In Lake Malawi these models can provide important insight to the effect of fishing on fish composition, and the potential competition that the lakefly Chaoborus edulis may have with fisheries production. A mass-balanced trophic model developed for the demersal fish community of the southern and western areas of Lake Malawi was integrated with an existing trophic model developed for the open-water pelagic. Input parameters for the demersal model were obtained from a survey of fish distributions, fish food consumption studies, and from additional published quantitative and qualitative information on the various biotic components of the community. The model was constructed using the Ecopath approach and software. The graphically presented demersal food web spanned four trophic levels and was based primarily on consumption of detritus, zooplankton and sedimented diatoms. Zooplankton was imported into the system at trophic levels three and four through fish predation on carnivorous and herbivorous copepods and Chaoborus larvae. It is proposed that the primary consumption of copepods was by fish migrating into the pelagic zone. Chaoborus larvae in the demersal were probably consumed near the lakebed as they conducted a daily migration from the pelagic to seek refuge in the sediments. This evidence for strong benthic-pelagic coupling provided the opportunity for linking the demersal model to the existing model for the pelagic community so producing the first model for the complete ecosystem. Energy fluxes through the resulting combined model demonstrated that the primary import of biomass to the demersal system was detritus of pelagic origin (72.1%) and pelagic zooplankton (10.6%). Only 15.8% of the biomass consumed within the demersal system was of demersal origin. Lakefly production is efficiently utilised by the lake fish community, and any attempt to improve fishery production through introduction of a non-native plantivorous fish species would have a negative impact on the stability and productivity of the lake ecosystem.