Vent Sizing Criteria for Partial Volume Deflagration

The accidental spill of volatile solvents or the release of flammable gases within equipment and buildings is likely to form fuel concentration gradients unless efficient mixing is provided. As a consequence, even small amounts of fuel can form flammable clouds, and partial volume deflagrations may occur. Nevertheless, few indications are given in international guidelines for vent sizing and only over-conservative well-mixed stoichiometric assumptions are used. In this paper, we propose a predictive methodology for the evaluation of the dynamics of partial volume deflagration, aiming at defining useful correlations for the design of vent devices, starting from the fundamental equation for the rate of pressure rise and flame propagation in closed vessel. We define a ‘stratified gas deflagration index’ K_G(m), where m is the filling ratio, and use it with the most common design equations for vent sizing. The approach has been validated by means of a CFD code for the simulation of stratified laminar methane–air explosion by varying both filling ratio and volume.     

液化石油气钢瓶长径比研究

分析钢瓶的长度和直径之比(长径比)对容积变形率的影响,在材料相同的条件下,长径比大的气瓶的容积变形率的要求也相应提高。笔者分别从钢瓶的边界效应、冲压工艺、制造经济性3个方面探讨了液化石油气钢瓶的合适长径比,并综合提出了液化石油气钢瓶的长径比的适宜范围为0.8～1.6。     

Waste minimization study in a solvent-based paint manufacturing plant

Solvent-based paint manufacturing plants produce significant quantities of hazardous waste, which must be properly treated before it can be disposed. Since the cost for treating this waste is high, reducing the quantity of waste has become a crucial issue in this industry.Waste minimization options are beneficial for the owner of the plant as well as for the environment. The quantity of hazardous waste can be minimized by changing the plant's technology or by substituting hazardous substances, which are used in the paint manufacturing process, with environmentally friendly ones. Furthermore, separating the various waste streams makes it easier to recover raw materials and enhances the possibility of their reuse within the production process. This will decrease operational costs for the plant.This paper presents a case study of waste minimization in a solvent-based paint manufacturing plant. Source reduction, recovery, and recycling methods are taken into consideration. Its aim is to develop an understanding of the facility's waste generating processes, to suggest ways to reduce the waste production, and finally to select an appropriate waste minimization option to suggest to the plant. Some of the suggested methods are currently being practiced while others are at initial stage of development.     

含炭织物材料的吸附性能比较研究

本文以三类典型含炭织物材料为研究对象,对它们的孔结构、吸苯量和吸二正丙基硫醚（DPS）量进行测试。结果表明：三种含炭织物材料的吸附性能有较大差异,且其微孔容积与静态吸苯量和吸DPS量之间的关系呈线性关系。     

建筑物最佳机械排烟量的研究

基于工程性能的防排烟设计,最佳机械排烟量的确定是个关键性的问题。在分析火灾中烟流性状的基础上,给出了火灾安全疏散判别依据,从烟控系统性能化设计的角度提出了最佳机械排烟量的基本思想,并利用实例进行了验证。计算结果表明:综合了安全性和经济性的最佳排烟量定义是正确的,该建筑物的最佳机械排烟量为72m3/(h.m2)。研究成果对建筑物防排烟系统的性能化设计具有重要参考价值。     

水处理用纤维素载体的降解及生物膜附着性能

研究了纤维素载体性能和生态因子(温度、底物浓度、pH)对载体降解和生物膜附着情况的影响.结果表明.未改性、交联、交联且阳离子化处理后载体最终平均降解率分别为55.2%、23.9%、20.5%;单位质量阳离子化载体的生物膜附着量最大,达0.247 g·g-1.纤维索载体可为细菌补充碳源,进而促进载体初期降解,可使废水中sO24-降解率最多提高51%.pH为5.0-6.5条件下,随着pH值的升高载体最终降解率下降,生物膜附着量增大.     

用小波方法识别并提取通河体应变震前异常

基于小波变换理论可以识别、清除数字化资料干扰。本文利用小波方法对通河体应变2006年以来资料进行分析,并结合黑龙江及邻区4.0级以上地震震例资料探讨该方法对于提取体应变数据的震前异常信息的有效性,结果表明在一些地震前2～5个月,体应变都接收到了周期10～30天左右的异常信号,该方法能有效地提取震前异常。     

城市机动车道路面初期效应及初期径流弃除量探讨

路面径流污染是城市面源污染的主要组成部分,初期径流弃除被认为是一种有效的源头控制方法.对于初期径流、初期效应尚没有明确的定义,且路面冲刷规律较难把握,使得对路面初期径流是否弃除以及弃除最的确定都缺乏理论依据.通过对北京某典型机动车道路面径流水质的监测,分别用基于浓度和基于负荷两种初期径流定义方法对初期效应进行了判断,初...     

常压蒸馏方式对DMC废水的预处理研究

采用常压蒸馏方式对DMC废水中的DMC进行回用和减排实验,通过测定废水中COD浓度的变化情况,考察了在不同pH值、蒸馏温度、转速、水量、蒸馏时间条件下,对DMC蒸馏效果的影响。实验结果表明,在pH值为6、蒸馏温度为99℃、转速100 r/min、水量为700 mL、蒸馏时间为1.5 h条件下,常温蒸馏产生的高浓度DMC水样可直接回用于生产中,低浓度的DMC水样体积最高可以达到减小了60%,实现了回用和减排的目的,取得了预期的效果,为DMC废水合理处理提供参考。     

有限体积法软件在天然气处理厂含硫气体三维扩散模拟中的应用

应用基于流体动力学原理的CFD方法,用有限体积法软件进行了某天然气处理厂脱硫塔泄漏后在复杂三维地形的仿真扩散模拟,计算结果能够较真实地反映气体扩散过程受三维复杂地形和风速的影响情况,为定量风险评价和企业安全生产管理提供技术支撑。