Bird song and parasites

Bird song is a typical sexual trait that may have evolved at least partly to reflect health and vigor. However, the role of pathogens in modulating acoustic communication systems in birds is still less than clear as studies testing the relationship between parasites and song have provided inconsistent results both within and among species. It is often neglected that avian song is complex trait consisting of numerous and variable features with potentially different biological backgrounds. By using meta-analytic approaches to the available intraspecific evidence I demonstrate that different roles are applicable to song traits with different signal design, which could explain, to some extent, the inconsistency of results. I found that condition-dependent, performance-related traits are more closely related to immediate health status, whereas condition-independent features are more likely to be associated with intrinsically determined parasite resistance. Hence, parasitism may mediate the evolution of different acoustic features. Considering the signal function of songs, a communication system depends on the reaction of the receivers, but little is known about how mate choice and male–male competition are affected by parasite-mediated song production. This review of the literature thus suggests that receivers of songs may benefit by responding to these acoustic signals of health through the acquisition of resistance genes, paternal care of superior assistance, success in territory disputes, and the avoidance of directly transmitted parasites.     

公共场所BTEX的污染特征、源解析及健康风险

分析评价了杭州市商场、超市、影院、车站候车室等公共场所室内空气中BTEX的污染特征、来源及健康风险.结果表明,公共场所中BTEX的总平均浓度为30.68～217.74 μg·m-3,商场的污染最重,车站候车室的污染最轻;甲苯与BTEX总浓度之间具有较好的线性关系,可作为公共场所BTEX污染的代表物;候车室BTEX污染主要受室外污染源的影响,而在其它公共场所中,室内污染源占主导地位,鞋用胶粘剂是商场BTEX的主要污染来源;商场空气中苯对男性和女性工作人员的致癌风险分别为5.38×10-6和5.57×10-6,超过了美国EPA制定的人体致癌风险值(1×10-6).     

土地复垦投资

讨论了土地复垦投资内涵、特点、基本原则、基本运行过程、基本模式及国内外土地复垦投资现状及问题。     

江西省于都县银坑贵多金属矿田矿化特征、成矿控制及找矿方向

于都银坑贵多金属矿田有破碎岩蚀变型、层问破碎带型、岩体接触带型。硫锰矿型、铁锰帽型、黑土角砾型等六种矿化类型。主要控矿因素为地层、岩性、岩浆岩、构造和次火山岩体接触带构造四种。矿化带严格受破碎带控制，也受不同地层时代和岩浆热场的影响。矿带往往在主干断裂旁侧、多组裂隙交汇处及褶皱轴部横张裂隙发育部位定位；不同的地层时代有不同的有益元素组合，不同的岩性又对元素的富集成矿有特定的作用；岩浆岩的多期活动为矿床的形成提供了有利条件。本矿田成因类型属岩浆期后中低温热液充填交代矿床。通过矿床模式的建立，本区找矿方向的主要标志是：多组构造结点、特定的赋矿层位以及次火山构造周围。     

突发性环境污染事故的分类特征及处置措施——以保定市两起危及环境安全事故为例

环境污染事故具有时间上的突发性、形式不确定性、危害的严重性和处理处置的艰巨性.发生在河北省保定市境内的两起危及水环境安全的事故具有典型性和代表性.事故发生后通过采取一系列相应的应急措施,有效地控制了大规模的环境污染;如何防止和应对突发环境污染事故,维护环境安全,已成为环境保护工作的重大新课题.面对环境安全事故及跨流域、跨区域环境污染事故的频繁发生,应从排查污染隐患、建立完善的环境应急响应体系、加强环境应急基础设施建设等方面入手,减少事故的发生,减轻对环境的危害.     

聚磷氯化铝铁溶液形态转化及电动特性

采用[Al+Fe]-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了典型聚磷氯化铝铁溶液的形态转化,结果表明,聚磷氯化铝铁的形态转化主要由P(/Al+Fe)、OH(/Al+Fe)和nAl/nFe等因素决定,聚磷氯化铝铁的形态转化特征是优势形态之间的转变。通过对模拟悬浊水样的絮凝实验,对其除浊性能进行了考察,通过测定zeta电位对其水解物的电动特性进行了研究,结果表明,聚磷氯化铝铁水解聚合产物的电动特性与P(/Al+Fe)、OH(/Al+Fe)和nAl/nFe的变化密切相关,聚磷氯化铝铁是通过电中和、吸附架桥和沉淀网捕作用起混凝作用的,三种作用的综合能力越强,其混凝效果就越好。     

油田土壤微生物群落碳代谢与理化因子关系研究

基于对我国主要油田区的土壤理化性质等场地信息调查,应用Biolog和统计学方法分析理化因子与土壤微生物群落碳代谢特性的关系,揭示了不同区域油田土壤理化因子对微生物群落代谢的综合影响作用.结果表明:油田区土壤理化特性呈现地理性分布特性;总氮、总磷、速效磷、有效态铜、锌等环境因子与微生物群落的多样性正相关;可溶盐含量、pH值、总氮、总有机碳等对样点间微生物群落碳代谢的差异性贡献最大.对各油田碳代谢影响因子比较表明,不同区域的油田区土壤中影响微生物群落代谢特性的主要因子各不相同,同一理化因子在不同油田区对微生物群落碳代谢的影响程度不同.这种代谢特性与理化因子关系的区域性差异可能是土壤物化性质地理性分布以及微生物群落结构区域性差异共同作用的结果.     

堆石料双轴试验数值模拟研究

颗粒形状对堆石料的力学特性有着明显的影响。采用二维颗粒流程序建立5种不同形状特征的颗粒簇,开展了不同围压下堆石料的双轴试验的数值模拟研究,分析了不同形状特征对堆石料的破碎特性及其宏观力学性质的影响。分析过程中考虑堆石料的颗粒破碎特征,对布拉斯谢克形状系数s进行修正,提出了考虑颗粒形状特征的修正系数s′。研究结果表明:堆石料的破碎率随着修正后的形状系数s′值的增加而减少,其规律接近于反比例函数线;数值模拟过程中,5种试样随着轴向应变的增加呈先剪胀后剪缩的趋势,且越圆润的颗粒峰值体应变越大;材料的峰值强度随着s值的增大而增大。     

Conflicting views on opposition to LULUs: distributive justice in three Japanese cases of waste disposal facility siting

Local residents often oppose some types of facilities because of their negative side effects, even though they are claimed to be necessary for the public good. These facilities are known as locally unwanted-land-uses, and local opposition to them is often referred to as not-in-my-backyard, usually with a pejorative connotation. However, some studies have challenged this conventional view of local opposition. Given these conflicting views, the present article explores how local mobilisation should be evaluated, focusing particularly on distributive justice. First, the study illuminates how different interpretations of distributive justice lead to difference in views on local opposition. Then, by comparing three waste disposal facility cases in Japan, a distinction between cost sharing and cost overlapping cases is illuminated. The study further develops discussions by pointing out the limits of using this distinction to evaluate local opposition movements and provides insights that can contribute to a fuller understanding of siting conflicts.     

A struggle for distributive fairness in waste disposal: Koto Ward and In-Ward Waste Disposal in the 23 wards of Tokyo

This study explores the politics of distributive fairness in Locally-Unwanted-Land-Uses (LULUs) siting by looking into how a movement in LULU disputes changes its attitude towards a frame of distributive fairness over a long period of time. Some kinds of facilities are often opposed by local residents because of negative side-effects, even as they are claimed to be necessary for the well-being of the wider public. Framing refers to actors’ signifying work, and how to frame distributive fairness plays a significant role in conflicts over such controversial land uses. In the 23 wards of Tokyo, distributive fairness in waste disposal among the wards has been a crucial issue. In the early 1970s, Koto Ward, which suffered a disproportionate burden of waste disposal, launched a campaign to rectify the unfairness. In-Ward Waste Disposal (IWWD), a frame of distributive fairness, played a central role in this movement. However, Koto Ward’s attitude towards this frame of distributive fairness changed over time. By examining why Koto Ward’s advocacy for IWWD varied over time, this study shows how Koto Ward’s stance on IWWD changed in conjunction with economic, policy, and political circumstances, thereby illuminating the importance of integrating socio-politico-economic contexts in framing analysis.