Solubilization of lead and cadmium during the percolation of EDTA through a soil polluted by smelting activities

EDTA was percolated in laboratory columns through a soil polluted by heavy metals to investigate the efficiency of and processes involved in soil decontamination by chemical extraction. At high EDTA concentration (10⁻² M), elution of Pb and Cd was very efficient for one pore volume, after which it decreased to almost zero due to depletion of available Pb and Cd and to competition with Ca and Fe slowly solubilized during the passage of the EDTA front. Clogging occurred after the end of the EDTA plateau. At lower EDTA concentrations (10⁻³ and 10⁻⁴ M), elution was less efficient, but extraction decreased little with the volume percolated; moreover no Ca above background values was dissolved. The optimum EDTA concentration for heavy metal extraction ranges between 10⁻² and 10⁻³ M. The higher the concentration, the greater the extraction efficiency, but as the EDTA concentration is increased there is an optimum point at which clogging takes place and permeability decreases.     

The use of poplar during a two-year induced phytoextraction of metals from contaminated agricultural soils

The efficiency of poplar (Populus nigra L.xPopulus maximowiczii Henry.) was assessed during a two-year chemically enhanced phytoextraction of metals from contaminated soils. The tested metal mobilizing agents were EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and NH4Cl. EDTA was more efficient than chlorides in solubilizing metals (especially Pb) from the soil matrix. The application of chlorides only increased the solubility of Cd and Zn. However, the increased uptake of metals after the application of higher concentrations of mobilizing agents was associated with low biomass yields of the poplar plants and the extraction efficiencies after the two vegetation periods were thus comparable to the untreated plants. Additionally, the application of mobilizing agents led to phytotoxicity effects and increased mobility of metals. Higher phytoextraction efficiencies were observed for Cd and Zn compared to Pb and Cu. Poplars are therefore not suitable for chemically enhanced phytoextraction of metals from severely contaminated agricultural soils.     

库仑滴定法测定化学需氧量的可靠性研究

通过对库仑滴定法测定废水中化学需氧量存在的问题分析，提出相应解决办法，加强空白值式剂，器皿使用过程中的纯净；注重废水稀释倍数的影响。这些措施为快速ＣＯＤｃｒ值的可靠性提供了保证。     

高效复合型亚铁络合剂同时脱硫脱硝

采用自制喷淋塔进行湿法同时脱硫脱硝实验,在乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)络合亚铁吸收液及半胱氨酸络合亚铁吸收液的基础上,研制出复合吸收液。实验结果表明:对于单一络合物吸收液,EDTA络合亚铁吸收液的脱硝效果较好,可在70 min内保持60%以上的NO脱除率,而半胱氨酸络合亚铁吸收液则可长时间保持较好的脱硫效果,可在180 min内保持90%以上的SO_2脱除率;复合吸收液的脱硫脱硝性能较单一络合物吸收液有明显提高,在络合物浓度为0.05 mol/L、吸收液pH为8、EDTA与半胱氨酸的摩尔比为1∶2、Fe~(2+)浓度为0.075 mol/L的优化条件下,90 min内的NO脱除率基本保持在70%以上,SO_2脱除率基本达到100%。     

Effect of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on Cu(II) adsorption by a polyvinylidene fluoride-based chelating membrane from Cu(II)–EDTA complex solution

A polyvinylidene fluoride-based membrane bearing the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelating group was employed to recover Cu(II) from the Cu(II)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex aqueous solution. Effects of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on Cu(II) uptake were investigated by static batch adsorption tests and dynamic adsorption filtration. Isotherms, kinetics, and breakthrough curves of Cu(II) uptakes in the presence of the three cations at concentrations of 1 mmol L^?1 were elucidated. The three cations showed a positive effect on the Cu(II) uptake; the stimulative roles were in the order of Fe(III) > Fe(II) > Ca(II). They did not alter the adsorption behavior of the membrane; adsorption isotherms and kinetics could be described by Langmuir and Lagergren second-order models, and Cu(II) adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The presence of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) increased the sorption capacity of the membrane stack by 1.3, 1.9, and 3 times. Breakthrough time and the exhaustion time of membrane stacks were also extended.     

Electrochemical EDTA recycling with sacrificial Al anode for remediation of Pb contaminated soil

Recycling chelant is a precondition for cost-effective EDTA-based soil remediation. Extraction with EDTA removed 67.5% of Pb from the contaminated soil and yielded washing solution with 1535 mg L⁻¹ Pb and 33.4 mM EDTA. Electrochemical treatment of the washing solution using Al anode, current density 96 mA cm⁻² and pH 10 removed 90% of Pb from the solution (by electrodeposition on the stainless steel cathode) while the concentration of EDTA in the treated solution remained the same. The obtained data indicate that the Pb in the EDTA complex was replaced by electro-corroded Al after electro-reduction of the EDTA and subsequently removed from the solution. Additional soil extraction with the treated washing solution resulted in total removal of 87% of Pb from the contaminated soil. The recycled EDTA retained the Pb extraction potential through several steps of soil extraction and washing solution treatment, although part of the EDTA was lost by soil absorption.     

The Buffer Capacity of Calcareous Soils in Gansu Province of China

In this study, we added increments of acid and base to three calcareous soils from the eastern, middle and western parts of Gansu Province (China) and to three treated soils to remove calcium carbonate, organic matter and both carbonate and organic matter, respectively. the titration curves were measured and the magnitudes of buffer capacities as a function of pH were computed. It was found that the buffer capacity of calcareous soil is mainly attributed to calcium carbonate, as expected from the chemical composition of calcareous soil, while cation exchange system, silicate buffer system and organic matter play a minor role. the results clearly show that these soils of Gansu Province will not become a problem in the near future from the entrance of H⁺ into these soils.     

Influence of variable chemical conditions on EDTA-enhanced transport of metal ions in mildly acidic groundwater

Adsorption of Ni and Pb on aquifer sediments from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA increased with increasing pH and metal-ion concentration. Adsorption could be described quantitatively using a semi-mechanistic surface complexation model (SCM), in which adsorption is described using chemical reactions between metal ions and adsorption sites. Equilibrium reactive transport simulations incorporating the SCMs, formation of metal-ion-EDTA complexes, and either Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide solubility or Zn desorption from sediments identified important factors responsible for trends observed during transport experiments conducted with EDTA complexes of Ni, Zn, and Pb in the Cape Cod aquifer. Dissociation of Pb-EDTA by Fe(III) is more favorable than Ni-EDTA because of differences in Ni- and Pb-adsorption to the sediments. Dissociation of Ni-EDTA becomes more favorable with decreasing Ni-EDTA concentration and decreasing pH. In contrast to Ni, Pb-EDTA can be dissociated by Zn desorbed from the aquifer sediments. Variability in adsorbed Zn concentrations has a large impact on Pb-EDTA dissociation.     

EDTA对剩余污泥磷释放及MAP法磷回收影响

探究乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）的添加对剩余污泥厌氧过程中磷释放及后续鸟粪石（MAP）法磷回收的影响.根据EDTA添加量对污泥上清液中总磷（TP）、蛋白质、多糖、DNA和SCOD的影响确定了最优释磷条件,采用响应曲面法（RSM）构建MAP磷回收的二次多项式模型并验证了模型的有效性.结果表明：EDTA添加量为5mmol/L,厌氧5d时预处理效果最佳.污泥SCOD破解度（DD）和TP、DNA、蛋白质及多糖均有显著相关,其中TP相关性最强,皮尔逊相关系数为0.866.MAP磷回收的最佳工艺参数是：pH=9.5,n（Mg）：n（P）=1.6,搅拌时间22min,此时磷回收率可达95.68%,形成晶体的主要成分为磷酸铵镁（MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O）,纯度为79.19%.     

重金属絮凝剂DTMPAM去除水中Cu2+和EDTA-Cu的性能

以聚丙烯酰胺、甲醛、二硫化碳、氢氧化钠为原料,制备出新型重金属絮凝剂二硫代羧基化羟甲基聚丙烯酰胺(DTMPAM).分别以含Cu~(2+)单一水样及含Cu~(2+)、EDTA的混合水样为考察对象,研究DTMPAM在单一和混合体系中对Cu~(2+)的去除性能.结果表明,单一体系中DTMPAM对Cu~(2+)有着良好的去除效果,当水样pH值为2.0～6.0时,Cu~(2+)的最高去除率在93.85%～97.49%之间.EDTA对DTMPAM除Cu~(2+)呈抑制作用,随着体系pH值的降低,这种抑制作用减弱;高pH值体系中,随着EDTA浓度的增大,抑制作用增强;在混合体系中,EDTA与DTMPAM存在配位竞争作用,高pH值体系中EDTA的配位竞争作用占主要优势.在单一体系和混合体系中螯合絮体DTMPAM-Cu的分形维数与Cu~(2+)的去除率均有显著的正相关性,即絮体分形维数越大,相对应的Cu~(2+)去除率越高.