温泉台十五防雷建设

本文依据国家防雷标准，以及温泉台地形、地质的实际情况对温泉台在十五改造中需要引起足够重视的防雷措施进行了具体的设计和施工。经本地区有关防雷部门的测定，各项指标均达到了国家防雷标准。希望能够为台站在防雷建设方面提供一个例证。     

城市环境噪声测量中布点数的优化研究

应用主成分分析,模糊聚类概念及动态规划方法对环境噪声测量的布点数进行优化研究。所建立的模型试用于厦门市环境噪声布点数的优化研究。     

三峡库区城镇污水处理场建设、运行和产业化的构想

国家决定“十五”期间每年投入9亿,重庆配套3亿用于三峡库区城镇污水处理场建设和生态建设,这一大批污水处理场谁来组织,如何组织,采用什么运行机制,怎样实现污水处理设备产业化,建成之后如何确保稳定运行,无疑都是战略性问题,本文对这些问题作了大胆的探索,认为应进行市场化系统推进。     

天津市中心城区污水泵站恶臭排放特征研究

为了研究天津市中心城区污水泵站恶臭排放特征,分别在夏、秋、冬3季对4座泵站的进水格栅和出水口进行采样,采用3点比较式臭袋法分析臭气浓度,采用冷阱富集-GC/MS技术分析恶臭物质组成和含量。结果表明,污水泵站6个点位共检出包括烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、含氧烃、有机硫以及无机气体在内的7类50多种物质,其中无机气体和含氧烃是主要成分。污水泵站广泛存在的污染物质共8种：苯、甲苯、乙苯、甲醛、乙醛、甲硫醇、氨和硫化氢,其中硫化氢、甲硫醇和甲醛的浓度较高。污水泵站各季节的恶臭污染都较严重,实测臭气浓度基本上都超过2000,H2S、甲硫醇和乙醛对恶臭污染贡献比较大,其中H 2S是最主要的致臭物质。     

Modelling interactions between scavenger behaviour and farming practices: Impacts on scavenger population and ecosystem service efficiency

Long term conservation of ecosystem services requires a deep understanding of their basic processes and the development of tools to assess the effects of human practices on their efficiency. As an example of recycling service, we focus on the consumption of livestock carcasses by obligate scavengers, taking the case of vultures which face a dramatic decline worldwide. We investigate whether maintaining this recycling service through individual feeding stations called light feeding stations in contrast to aggregated resource on heavy feeding stations can meet the double objectives of vulture conservation and service efficiency. We built a spatially explicit multi-agent model to investigate the long term effects of livestock farmers practices on both the recycling service efficiency for farmers and vulture population carrying capacity including: (i) carcass disposal practices that drive the quantity and spatial distribution of resources for vultures and (ii) temporal distribution of livestock mortality due to economic choices that drive the dynamics of resources for vultures. In addition, we examine various scenarios related to vulture feeding behaviour - i.e. central place vs. random foraging and contest vs. scramble intraspecific competition - that may play a role in the vulture carrying capacity and recycling service efficiency. When accounting for vulture central place foraging, we found that favouring the use of light feeding stations instead of heavy feeding station does not affect vulture population carrying capacity and increases the number of farmer for which vulture service is optimal. The increase of light feeding station users poorly affects the number of farmers for which vulture service is optimal in contrast to results obtained with a vulture random foraging behaviour. Both of the recycling service efficiency and the vulture carrying capacity vary with the kind of intraspecific competition and with the seasonal distribution of livestock mortality. Livestock mortality distributions with a seasonal peak of mortality result in a mismatch between vulture food requirement and farmers needs for carcass removal. Finally we raise several points on the relevance of light feeding stations as a sustainable management for vulture conservation and for the recycling service and discuss the potential implications of seasonal scarcity of resources due to farming economic constraints.     

ECONOMIC DESIGN OF CENTRAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR MEDIUM SIZED TOWNS1

ABSTRACT. Adequate and good-quality water supply for medium sized towns is costly when there are insufficient quantity and low quality of groundwater or surface water. In a central water supply system serving a number of towns, the economies of scale may permit a sufficient and good-quality supply at lesser rates. Such a system has the flexibility of supplying rural population through small service lines. The system may be an interbasin or intrabasin conveyance depending on the location of a suitable water source and the economics of the supply network. Seven cost elements are pertinent to the optimum or least-cost design of network consisting of pipelines and pumping stations. The relevant cost functions are based on the available data gathered from various sources. Water conveyance costs are calculated for various flow rates, pipeline diameters, flow variabilities, static heads, and interest rates, thus providing a measure of sensitivity of the conveyance cost to such variations. The economies of scale, the sensitivity of optimum unit conveyance costs, and variations in unit costs with change in cost functions are useful in making a feasibility study for a proposed conveyance system.     

Electromagnetic field levels in the working environment in radio and TV stations

Electromagnetic field sources used for communication always have been subject of serious interest. There are many publications concerning exposure and risk assessment of the working in such environment. Results of epidemiological study performed in Bulgaria in the 1990's show exceeding of the maximal permissible values especially in radio stations for the personnel in 24 h working shift [Israel et al. (1992). Study of the electromagnetic in its influence on personnel working in radio and TV stations, Report, National Centre of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition; Israel and Tomov (2001). Epidemiological study of the effects of radiofrequency radiation on operators in radio, TV and relay stations, Proceeding of the Eastern European Regional Meeting and Workshop “Measurements and Criteria for Standard Harmonization in the field of EMF Exposure” and WHO EMF Standards Harmonization Meeting, Varna, Bulgaria, 28 April—3 May, 2001, pp.145–153]. In the last years the situation is strongly influenced by the development of the technology which leads to changes in equipment in radio and TV stations, using lower power, facilitate the working regime. The paper presents data of exposure assessment of different professional groups in selected radio and TV stations. Assessment is being performed on basis of EMF parameters values and energetic load calculations according to the national legislation. Data are compared with the results of previous investigation to evaluate the new situation in this branch. Exposure levels are much lower than those in the previous study, and lower compared to the exposure limits, as well [Israel et al. (1992). Study of the electromagnetic in its influence on personnel working in radio and TV stations, Report, National Centre of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition; Israel and Tomov (2001). Epidemiological study of the effects of radiofrequency radiation on operators in radio, TV and relay stations, Proceeding of the Eastern European Regional Meeting and␣Workshop “Measurements and Criteria for Standard Harmonization in the field of EMF Exposure” and WHO EMF Standards Harmonization Meeting, Varna, Bulgaria, 28 April—3 May, 2001, pp.145–153].     

面向节能减排的通信基站通风冷却系统研究

作为高能耗行业,通信行业中通信基站的散热能耗量就一直居高不下,如何降低其能耗是目前各运营商迫切期待解决的问题。针对这一问题,根据烟囱效应增强对流散热的原理,提出了一种"烟囱"通风与空调降温相结合的通风冷却系统设计方案,然后通过三维热-流体耦合计算分析了影响此结构散热的关键因素,在此基础上采用正交实验对基站散热结构的参数进行了优化,最大化降低基站运行的温度,从而达到了减少通信基站运行成本的目标。     

油气回收技术在加油站中的应用

介绍了加油站油气回收的意义、油气回收系统的工艺原理及油气回收系统性能的检测方法．对油气回收系统设备的安装进行了说明,并对油气回收的综合利用提出了建议。     

An inventory of tree species in Europe—An essential data input for air pollution modelling

We present a detailed tree species inventory covering Europe, parts of Africa and parts of Asia. The inventory contains 39 groups of species that are important for biogenic VOCs or pollen emission calculations. For example: oak (Quercus), poplar (Populus), pines (Pinus), spruce (Picea), birch (Betula) and alder (Alnus). The inventory is based on national forest inventories and national statistics and gives tree species distribution in percentage within broadleaved as well as conifer forests. The inventory includes data from 799 regions and is redistributed into the 50 km × 50 km EMEP grid. The inventory is therefore prepared for easy implementation into atmospheric transport models by providing an extension to already applied land use data such as the Corine Land Cover (CLC2000) or Global Land Cover (GLC2000). The gridded version of the data set will be available on the webpage http://www.dmu.dk/International/Air/Models/Background/Trees/.