试论光污染的有关法律问题

我国有关光污染的立法几乎近于苍白，法院缺乏处理光污染侵害的法律依据，不能充分地维护受侵害人的利益。光污染侵权行为的构成要件有一定的特殊之处，亟需立法规范。防治光污染是一项社会系统工程，需要有关部门科学规划，合理布局环境建设，从源头防治光污染；采取有利于光环境保护的技术手段；加强对光污染的监督管理，有效控制光污染源；加强环境宣传教育，提高公众的环境意识。     

Improving food security in Swaziland: The transition from subsistence to communally managed cash cropping

The Komati Downstream Development Project (KDDP), based upon the Maguga Dam has enabled 6,000 hectares of semi‐arid lowveld, in a region with low and highly variable rainfall to be converted from subsistence to irrigated commercial farming, mainly of sugar cane. This has transformed the Swazi sugar industry from one dominated by a small number of large‐scale commercial estates to one where more than 1,500 previously impoverished small‐scale Swazi farmers have been able to enter the industry by joining farmers’ associations and creating communally managed farms. Recent changes to the EU's Sugar Protocol have undermined the financial viability of the KDDP farms and undermined food security, especially for the poorest, due to the cut in sugar prices. However, some farmers’ associations have opted to keep some of their land as irrigated home gardens, rather than convert all their land to sugar cane. This model has improved food security at a time of low sugar prices and points to a more sustainable way of using water from large scale dams than the conventional model. It is argued that the EU should target support to members of the KDDP who have taken out large‐scale loans to pay for the in‐field infrastructure and encourage all farmers’ associations to adopt the food garden model. This would enable them to continue to benefit from the irrigation through improved production of subsistence crops, whilst they diversify their commercial production into novel markets.     

Reintroduction of the european bison into the forest ecosystem of the Orlovskoe Poles’e National Park

The forest ecosystem of the Orlovskoe Polese National Park has been studied in reference to the reintroduction of a rare species: the European bison (Bison bonasus L.). Preliminary data characterizing the state of forest resources and the populations of ungulates living in the forests, as well as the genetic problems associated with maintaining a viable population of the European bison, are considered.Translated from Ekologiya, No. 2, 2005, pp. 132–137.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Belousova, Smirnov, Kazmin, Kudrjavtsev.     

煤矿安全投入资金管理模式研究

通过分析目前企业资金的管理模式,运用层次分析法选择了适合煤矿安全投入资金管理的资金管理模式.为了保证煤矿安全投入资金管理模式切实应用到煤矿安全管理中,提出了进行安全投入资金的管理立法的观点.     

FUTURE SOURCES OF COOLING WATER FOR POWER PLANTS IN ARID REGIONS1

ABSTRACT: Electric generation facility water requirement will increase substantially in the future in the Western United States because new power plants are to be constructed at inland sites rather than on the coast. At the inland locations, power plants will have to compete with agriculture and public users for fresh water supplies, and will be constrained by environmental legislation to dispose of cooling waste water in lined evaporation ponds. The various options for power plant cooling are analyzed in respect to cost, water consumption, and environmental hazard, and also in respect to their compatibility with existing state and federal regulations. Several proposals for balancing the water requirements of various users in water-scarce areas are reviewed and criticized.     

Variability of the Flower Structure in European Starflower (Trientalis europaeaL.) in Natural Populations

Flower variability was studied in natural populations of European starflower (Trientalis europaeaL.). The results showed that the flower structure in this species is determined by two parameters: the multiplicity of primordia of flower components and the uniformity of flower meristem development. The frequencies of nonuniformly developing flowers differs depending on the habitat. It appears that both parameters are largely determined by random fluctuations.     

《煤矿安全监察条例》与安全生产立法问题探讨

基于对国务院 2 96号令《煤矿安全监察条例》和我国现行的安全生产法律、行政法规的全面比较分析 ,从执法主体、执法内容、执法监督及行政强制措施、即时强制和法律责任等 5个方面 ,研究、总结了《煤矿安全监察条例》在立法上的 13个特点及其对新时期安全生产立法的指导意义     

The impact of the European landfill directive on waste management in the United Kingdom

The European Union Landfill Directive calls on member states to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal solid waste disposed of to landfill. In addition, national waste strategies will require the constituent parts of the United Kingdom to achieve increased household waste recycling and recovery rates. Both these measures will require the development of the infrastructure to support national high-intensity recycling and composting schemes and the construction of at least 35 new municipal waste to energy incinerators. Before plans can be developed for meeting the targets several areas relating to municipal solid waste need to be clarified. Depending on the definition of municipal solid waste, its composition and likely future growth rates the number of incinerators required could be up to 170.     

The responsiveness of young rabbits to the mammary pheromone: developmental course in domestic and wild pups

Newborn rabbits rely on odour cues to localize and seize maternal nipples. In particular, they orally respond to the mammary pheromone (MP) emitted in rabbit milk. The activity of the MP was so far mainly investigated in newborns, and a drop in its releasing effect was shown in 23-day old pups. Here, we evaluated the activity of the MP in a large sample (n=1588) of domestic rabbit pups tested between birth and weaning. We also assessed whether wild-type pups respond to the MP, and whether the developmental course of their responsiveness matches the one of domestic pups. During the first postnatal week, the MP revealed to be a strong releasing stimulus in all pups, regardless of their genetic and environmental background. However, the saliency of the MP decreased with approaching weaning, and this decrease was clearly steeper in wild-type than in domestic pups. These results are discussed with regard to the concept of ontogenetic adaptation and the effects of artificial selection.     

欧盟黑碳监测现状及我国开展黑碳监测的建议

介绍了欧盟关于黑碳概念的定义及黑碳的来源和危害，着重从政策、技术、实践3个层面分析了欧盟黑碳监测的发展现状。借鉴欧盟的先进发展经验，对我国开展黑碳监测的必要性进行了分析，并提出了相关的发展建议。