建国以来我国环境立法价值理念评价

我国环境法制呈现"环境立法"的成功而控制环境问题失败的尴尬局面。文章通过建国以来我国环境法立法价值理念的评价,认为而导致这种尴尬局面的根本原因在于我国现行环境法价值理念与环境保护要求的价值理念之间存在根本冲突。     

新消防法强化应急救援的立法思考

新<消防法>关于应急救援的规定引起了社会各界的普遍关注,本文从立法学角度,从应急救援的立法史,立法背景及立法内容等方面对公安机关消防机构的应急救援职能进行研究,以期准确理解新消防法的立法本意,为有效实施应急救援工作提供理论支持.     

Perceived stress,mental health,organizational factors,and self-reported risky driving behaviors among truck drivers circulating in France

Introduction: The growth of the European market for road-freight transport has recently led to important changes. The growing number of foreign pavilion drivers transiting in France, which plays a bridging role among European countries, has influenced the lives of truck drivers by increasing competition, pressure on day-to-day activities, and constraints related to delivery deadlines. Adding this new pressure to those inherent in the road-freight transport sector has raised concerns, especially ones linked to levels of perceived stress by truck drivers. Method: With safety concerns in mind, we devised a questionnaire aimed at understanding how French truck drivers and non-French truck drivers, passing through four highway rest areas in France perceive stress, organizational factors, mental health, and risky driving behaviors. A sample of 515 truck drivers took part in the survey (260 French nationals), 97.9% of whom were male. Results: The results of a structural equation model indicated that perceived stress can increase self-reported risky driving behaviors among truck drivers. Furthermore, organizational factors and mental health were closely linked to perceived stress. Finally, some differences were found between French and non-French truck drivers with respect to mind-wandering and mental health, and to perceive driving difficulties to overcome and driving skills. Practical Applications: Several recommendations based on the findings are provided to policymakers and organizations.     

辽宁省地方环境保护立法现状及对策研究

介绍了近几年,辽宁省地方环境立法的总体情况,资料显示：辽宁省地方环境立法数量不断增加,注重废改立并举,立法领域宽泛且不断前行,但存在立法滞后、创新不足、特点不鲜明等问题,建议强化政府责任和公众权益,引导公众参与立法等,以推动辽宁地方环境立法实践。     

黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地保护法律问题研究

长期以来,黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地由于人口的增长、经济开发活动频繁增加,社会公众和管理者对湿地的功能和综合价值缺乏足够的认知,对其只是索取,而缺乏有效的保护,致使湿地生态环境发生了重大变化,造成水环境污染严重,土壤沙化、盐碱化面积不断扩大,灾害性气候频繁发生,动植物等生物多样性急剧减少,这与中国可持续发展的战略主旨及世界潮流相悖.在此,对黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地的现存问题进行分析,以期通过完善区域专项立法、建立湿地专管机构和湿地管理专项资金、完善管理协调机制、建立湿地环境影响评价制度和生态补偿制度、完善环境保护相关法律责任等途径,切实做到对湿地的保护和开发利用并重.     

美、日土壤污染防治法律度对中国土壤立法的启示

目前中国土壤污染问题日趋严重。尽管中国现行的法律体系存在一些有关土壤污染防治的规定,但仍存在一定的局限性,中国目前还没有专门的《土污染防治法》,从而不能为中国土壤污染的防治工作提供有力地法律支撑和法律保障。本文在分析美国、日本有关土壤污染防治立法的基础上,就中国土壤污染防治立法提出了几点建议。     

Changes in the sorption, desorption, distribution, and availability of copper, induced by application of sewage sludge on Chilean soils contaminated by mine tailings

The effect of mine tailings and sewage sludge was evaluated on sorption, desorption, availability and distribution of copper in two soils, one high (sandy soil) and one low in copper (clay soil). In both soils contaminated by mine tailings the copper sorption capacity and the affinity of the substrate for the metal decreased substantially compared to the uncontaminated soils, however, the sorption remained always high in the clay soil substrates. In the substrates with sandy soil, the high Cu content and lower clay content were determining factors in the lower magnitude of the sorption. Similarly, metal desorption was closely related to these two parameters, and it was higher in clay soil with lower pH. In general, the application of sewage sludge favored the sorption of Cu in soils contaminated and uncontaminated with mine tailings, and in all cases desorption decreased, an effect that remained for at least 30 days. Simple extraction of Cu with CaCl2 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gave contradictory results, so a careful choice of the procedure is required, depending on the level of metal in the soil and on the acting principle of the extracting agent. In that relation, more complete information on the changes in the metal forms was obtained by application of the sequential extraction procedure proposed by the European Community Bureau of Reference.     

明太祖的荒政立法

救荒是明代经济发展、社会稳定的重要措施。为了保证荒政的顺利而有效地进行,明太祖从灾害防治到灾害赈济,从赈灾官员的选用到对吏治腐败的整治,都制定了较为详细的法律条文。从这些法律条文中可以概括出明太祖的荒政立法包含以下两个方面：一、防灾与减灾中的立法;二、救灾中的立法。朱元璋通过荒政立法,一方面惩治了救灾中的腐败,提高了救灾的效率;另一方面也使灾民在自然灾害面前得到国家的救济,使社会生产力的破坏得以减轻,为明王朝的经济恢复和发展奠定了基础。     

我国煤矿矿山环境保护立法研究

煤炭作为我国重要的战略资源,对我国经济建设起到了重要作用,但煤矿的开采也给矿山生态环境造成了巨大影响,因此对煤矿矿山环境给予更多的法律保护具有必要性和迫切性。本文立足于我国煤矿矿山环境保护的现状,通过分析我国目前煤矿矿山环境保护立法现状及其存在的问题,从而对我国煤矿矿山环境保护立法提出了若干建议。     

关于建立我国光污染防治体系的思考与建议

本文对建立符合国情的光污染防治体系提出相关建议。首先阐述了光污染的概况;然后对国内外光污染防治的立法现状进行研究和探讨;最后提出具体的立法构想。与欧美和日本等发达国家相比,我国的光污染防治工作才刚起步,关于光污染防治的环境立法还是空白,对光污染防治的系统性研究处于初始阶段。以经济、生态的可持续发展为指导思想,采用符合国情的立法模式,修订《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,制定光污染防治单行法《光污染防治法》,制定光环境质量标准和排放标准,建立光污染防治体系,全面防治光污染。