也谈对环境的损害--欧盟《预防和补救环境损害的环境责任指令》的启示

欧盟于2004年3月通过了一项预防和补救环境损害的环境责任指令,鲜明地将"环境损害"这一定义规定在该指令中,并且针对环境损害规定一系列预防和补救措施,具有较强的前瞻性.审视国内相关理论和立法,具有一定的滞后和欠缺.鉴于环境立法具有相当强的可借鉴性,围绕该指令进行相关理论和立法上的探讨.     

社会主义市场经济与环境立法

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立，环境立法也应随这相应发展，环境保护法制建设必要性和重要性，一是填补原有的立法空白，包括持续发展立法，环境保护组织立法环境保护行政法程序立法，二是现行环境法是一些不能与新形势相适应的内容必须加以修改完善，以排污收费为例，分析了实施中存在的问题，探讨了实行环境税的积极作用。     

中国生态工业园区的发展与立法促进

生态工业园区顺应了时代关于经济发展与环境保护的双向要求,成为区域经济发展的新型模式.生态工业园区在全球范围内兴起并迅速发展,中国的生态工业园区也在如火如荼的进行着.为了促进和保障园区的健康发展,为其量身定做法制外衣的需求也日渐强烈.通过分析法律制度对工业园区发展所能起到的积极作用,得出对生态工业园区立法的必要性;通过对现有法律制度的分析,得出为其立法的现实可行性,并最终得出,需要对生态工业园区进行立法的结论性建议.     

环境与自然资源保护统一立法的必要性

该文从理论基础和现实意义两个方面对环境与自然资源保护统一立法的必要性做了浅要分析。     

农村社区更新理念、模式及其立法

首先从农村社区更新的内涵出发 ,阐述了从传统发展观念到可持续发展观念过程中人类社会的理念所经历的3个阶段 ,从而认为实施可持续发展战略是农村社区更新的强大推动力 ;继而提出农村社区更新的4条基本原则 ,分析归纳了农村社区更新两类4种模式 ,指出当前农村社区更新工作的重点 ,最后阐述了农村社区更新的立法问题 ,包括立法原则 ,立法的管理对象、管理目标及管理内容 ,立法模式及框架等     

有害废物管理制度及其立法内容

有害废物管理建立在有害废物管理法律制度基础上，研究有害废物申报登记制度、货单制度、许可证制度、交换制度及收费制度等管理制度的立法内容，对促进有害废物管理法律的制定和规范有害废物管理具有重要意义。     

Influence of body condition and weather on departures of first-year European robins, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erithacus rubecula</Emphasis>, from an autumn migratory stopover site

How migratory birds decide when to leave a stopover site is important to the understanding of bird migration strategies. Our study looks at how body condition and the weather affect the decision to depart on nocturnal migratory flight. During two autumn migration seasons (2002–2003), we radio tracked 51 first-year European robins, Erithacus rubecula, at a stopover site on the Courish Spit (Eastern Baltic) from the first day after landing until their migratory departure. The tagged robins stopped over for 1–14 days. There was no clear relationship between stopover duration and energetic condition on arrival. Weather conditions (wind, precipitation, and cloud cover) on departure differed measurably between years. In 2002, robins took off mainly under following winds and clear skies. In 2003, there were mainly light head winds and partially cloudy or overcast skies. This could be explained by the year-specific role of weather factors in making the decision to depart. In both years, robins making short (1–2 days) stopovers took off in more varied weather situations than those individuals with long stopovers. This suggests that robins from the former group were more inclined to continue with migration than longer-stay birds that, apart from re-fuelling, could be waiting for favourable weather. The lack of a relationship between stopover duration and body condition and some departures under unfavourable weather conditions suggest that endogenous spatiotemporal programmes may play an important role in controlling stopover duration in robins.     

The importance of compatible beliefs for effective climate policy integration

ABSTRACT

European climate policy faced increasing constraints during the economic and Eurozone crises (2008–2014). The European Commission subsequently refocused policymaking toward integrating climate objectives into other policy areas such as energy and the 2014–2020 European Union (EU) budget. The conditions for successful climate policy integration (CPI) are analyzed, focusing on the compatibility of key actors’ beliefs. In renewable energy policy, CPI was successful as long as the co-benefits and related policy-core beliefs of energy security, rural economic development and climate action coexisted harmoniously. Once conflict among these policy-core beliefs emerged during the biofuels controversy, CPI was weakened as actors with competing economy-focused beliefs controlled the decision-making process. The case of EU budget climate mainstreaming illustrates how actors can add climate objectives into legislation despite meaningful discussion being ‘crowded out’ by other priorities. The findings highlight the importance of low conflict between departments, compatible beliefs and policy priorities for successful CPI.     

Climate laws in small European states: symbolic legislation and limits of diffusion in Ireland and Finland

ABSTRACT

The past decade has seen the introduction of framework climate change laws in several countries. The development of climate laws in two small European states, Ireland and Finland, both of which introduced national climate laws in 2015, are examined. Two questions are addressed. First, to what extent do later adopters of climate policy instruments draw on the examples of pioneering legislation? Second, how and why are pioneering climate policy instruments modified by later adopters? In both cases, the 2008 UK Climate Change Act was a source of inspiration in the early stages, particularly for civil society campaigns. Thereafter, domestic interests mobilised to remove from legislative proposals the most pioneering and ambitious parts of the UK model. The result, in both cases, was enactment of climate laws that resembled only very loosely the UK Climate Change Act.     

环境噪声执法中存在的问题及对策

旨在对当前环境噪声执法当中存在的问题和原因进行分析，并针对性地提出相应的解决措施，促进环境执法。